Questions and Answers
What are the main parts of the respiratory system?
- Nose 2. Pharynx 3. Larynx 4. Trachea 5. Bronchi 6. Lungs 7. Alveoli
What is the pathway of air during inhalation?
Nose -> Pharynx -> Larynx -> Trachea -> Bronchi -> Lungs -> Alveoli
What are the functions of arteries, veins, and capillaries?
Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart; veins carry deoxygenated blood to the heart; capillaries connect arteries and veins.
What is the definition of pulmonary circulation?
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What is systemic circulation?
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Which side of the heart contains oxygen-poor blood?
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The sound of a heartbeat is caused by the closing of the heart valves.
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What is incomplete dominance?
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What is codominance?
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Match the following cardiovascular components with their functions:
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How many chromosomes do humans typically have?
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Define genotype.
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Define phenotype.
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Study Notes
Respiratory System
- Main parts include nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, diaphragm, alveoli.
- Air pathway: inhalation brings air through the nasal cavity, down the trachea, and into the lungs; during exhalation, air travels back out through the same pathway.
Circulatory System
- Composed of network of arteries, veins, and capillaries.
- Arteries: carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, have thick walls, and are under high pressure.
- Veins: transport deoxygenated blood back to the heart, possess valves, and are under lower pressure.
- Capillaries: connect arteries and veins, enabling diffusion due to thin walls.
Heart Anatomy
- Right side handles oxygen-poor blood while the left side processes oxygen-rich blood.
- Chambers are divided into left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium, and right ventricle.
- Heartbeat sounds are described as "lub-dub," signaling valve closure.
Circulation Types
- Pulmonary Circulation: involves blood flow between the heart and lungs for oxygenation.
- Systemic Circulation: refers to blood flow between the heart and rest of the body.
Effects of Smoking
- Negative impacts on both respiratory and circulatory systems include various diseases that degrade lung function and cardiovascular health.
Genetics Concepts
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Mendel's Law:
- Dominance Law demonstrates how one allele can mask the expression of another (e.g., TT x tt results in 100% Tt offspring).
- Segregation Law explains how alleles separate during gamete formation (e.g., Tt x Tt results in 75% tall).
- Independent Assortment shows how genes segregate independently (e.g., RrGg x RrGg results in a variety of seed shapes and colors).
Cellular Composition
- Cells are composed of chromosomes (46 total), which contain DNA.
- DNA stores genetic information and regulates multiple functions, while genes are specific DNA sequences coding for proteins.
- Genotype describes the genetic makeup, while phenotype refers to observable traits that result from genotype.
Summary of Terms
- Chromosomes: 22 pairs, contributing to genetic traits.
- Genes: segments within DNA responsible for specific traits.
- DNA vs. Genes: DNA is the entire genetic blueprint; genes are functional units within that blueprint.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the essential aspects of the respiratory and circulatory systems. This quiz covers parts of the respiratory system, the pathway of air during inhalation and exhalation, and details about the human circulatory system. Perfect for integrated science students looking to review key concepts.
