Respiratory and Cardiovascular System Quiz

Study Notes

The respiratory system includes the upper airway (nose, mouth, tongue, etc.) and the lower airway (trachea, bronchial tree, alveoli, lungs) where gas exchange occurs.
The diaphragm is the primary muscle for breathing, aided by intercostal muscles, abdominal muscles, and pectoral muscles.
Respiration involves oxygenated blood entering the left side of the heart and being pumped to body tissues for oxygen supply.
The respiratory center in the brain stem controls breathing based on carbon dioxide levels in the blood.
Acidity (increases hydrogen ions) and alkalinity (decreases hydrogen ions) are measured by pH levels in the blood.
Buffer systems help maintain acid-base balance by neutralizing excess acids or bases.
The medulla oblongata is responsible for initiating the ventilation cycle based on high carbon dioxide levels.
Components of the respiratory system include tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, residual volume, and vital capacity.
Normal breathing characteristics include rate, depth, rhythm, audible breath sounds, and movement of the chest and abdomen.
The cardiovascular system consists of two circuits: systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation.
The heart pumps blood through the body and has valves that separate chambers to ensure proper blood flow direction.
The cardiac conduction system includes the SA node, AV node, bundle of His, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers.
The cardiac cycle involves systole (contraction) and diastole (relaxation), leading to pulse pressure, afterload, stroke volume, cardiac output, and ejection fraction.
The vascular system transports blood through arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins to and from the heart.
Coronary arteries supply blood to the heart muscle, and blockages can lead to heart attacks.
Pulmonary circulation moves blood between the heart and lungs for oxygenation.
The aorta has different sections like the ascending aorta (branches into right and left) and the descending aorta (thoracic and abdominal portions).
The vascular system includes arteries supplying organs and tissues with blood, and veins carrying blood back to the heart.
The jugular veins in the head and neck are important for monitoring conditions like jugular vein distension.

Description

Test your knowledge on the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Learn about components like lungs, heart, blood vessels, and their functions in gas exchange, circulation, and oxygen supply.