Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary emphasis of post-positivism in research paradigms?
What is the primary emphasis of post-positivism in research paradigms?
Which influential figure updated the concept of positivism in the 1960s by introducing falsification?
Which influential figure updated the concept of positivism in the 1960s by introducing falsification?
What distinguishes post-positivism from positivism in terms of measurements?
What distinguishes post-positivism from positivism in terms of measurements?
Which concept rejects the positivist quest for objective truths/laws in social science?
Which concept rejects the positivist quest for objective truths/laws in social science?
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In which fields was it considered more tenuous to search for objective, impartially measurable laws according to the text?
In which fields was it considered more tenuous to search for objective, impartially measurable laws according to the text?
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Who were some of the German philosophers and sociologists rejecting the idea of universal laws determining human mind and experience?
Who were some of the German philosophers and sociologists rejecting the idea of universal laws determining human mind and experience?
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Which approach places emphasis on gathering and making sense of numerical data often derived from controlled experiments?
Which approach places emphasis on gathering and making sense of numerical data often derived from controlled experiments?
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What type of data is typically used in qualitative methods?
What type of data is typically used in qualitative methods?
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Which philosophical aspect focuses on 'What and how can we know about it?'
Which philosophical aspect focuses on 'What and how can we know about it?'
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In the context provided, which approach places importance on the political and power dynamic aspect of human experience?
In the context provided, which approach places importance on the political and power dynamic aspect of human experience?
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Which method focuses on precise procedures for acquiring knowledge?
Which method focuses on precise procedures for acquiring knowledge?
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What type of data is often used in Post Positivist approaches?
What type of data is often used in Post Positivist approaches?
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What is the primary focus of big data analytics mentioned in the text?
What is the primary focus of big data analytics mentioned in the text?
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In what way does qualitative research differ from big data analysis as explained in the text?
In what way does qualitative research differ from big data analysis as explained in the text?
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What is a key aspect of the HRC research project mentioned in the text?
What is a key aspect of the HRC research project mentioned in the text?
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What does phase 1 of the research project involve as described in the text?
What does phase 1 of the research project involve as described in the text?
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In the context of the text, what does 'photo-elicitation' primarily refer to?
In the context of the text, what does 'photo-elicitation' primarily refer to?
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How does the text highlight the connection between wellbeing and low-income households?
How does the text highlight the connection between wellbeing and low-income households?
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Study Notes
Research Paradigms
- Positivism: Also known as "the scientific method", this approach was influenced by August Comte (1844) and emphasizes the existence of an objectively observable outside world with rules and laws that can be discovered through measurements and observations.
Positivist Updates
- 1960s: Karl Popper introduced the concept of falsification, and Thomas Kuhn introduced the concept of paradigm shifts.
Criticisms of Positivism
- Post-positivism: Emphasizes that humans bring their own biases to the measurement process, and that measurements themselves are imperfect.
- Constructivism & Interpretivism: Roots in the 1910s and 1920s, this approach rejected the positivist quest for objective truths/laws in social science, highlighting the complexity and fuzziness of scholarly areas like psychology and sociology.
Alternative Paradigms
- Critical Theory: Roots in the 1930s "Frankfurt School" critique of power systems, developed throughout the 21st century with feminism, critical race theory, and postcolonialism, critiquing the ways power structures affect human behavior and shape human thought and experience.
- Critical Theory agrees with the subjectively constructed nature of human experience but emphasizes the political and power dynamic aspect.
Research Components
- Axiology: What do we value?
- Ontology: What's out there to know?
- Epistemology: What and how can we know about it?
- Methodology: How can we go about acquiring that knowledge?
- Methods: What precise procedures can we use to acquire it?
- Sources: Which data can we collect?
Research Approaches
- Quantitative: Ways of gathering and making sense of numerical data, often derived from controlled experiments.
- Qualitative: Ways of gathering and making sense of text/audio/image data, usually derived from non-experimental contexts.
Post Positivist Approach
- Stressing the importance of big data and qualitative research to understand the effectiveness of systems and identify issues.
HRC Research Project: In-work Poverty
- A mixed methods research project asking "Why is having a job not enough?"
- Examining the relationship between work, income, housing, and wellbeing, with a focus on low-income households and the stress they experience.
Research Design
- Phase 1: Integrating visual methods into interviews, including:
- Genograms to understand family relations and social ties.
- Mapping and graph-drawing to understand employment conditions and costs of living.
- Photo-elicitation to understand wellbeing and experiences.
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Description
Learn about the concepts of positivism and post-positivism, including influential updates by Karl Popper and Thomas Kuhn in the 1960s. Explore the idea of an objectively observable outside world and the scientific method of making observations and measurements to understand its rules and laws.
