Research Paradigms: Positivism & Post-positivism
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Questions and Answers

What is the fundamental assumption of positivism?

  • Humans are inherently biased observers
  • Laws of physics are not applicable to social sciences
  • The outside world can be objectively observed and measured (correct)
  • Constructivism is a superior approach to social sciences

    • Who is credited with the influential updates to positivism in the 1960s?

  • August Comte and Karl Popper
  • Max Weber and Georg Simmel
  • August Comte and Georg Simmel
  • Karl Popper and Thomas Kuhn (correct)

    • What is the primary criticism of positivism by post-positivists?

  • Scientists are not neutral observers (correct)
  • Social norms do not affect scientific inquiry
  • The outside world cannot be objectively measured
  • Physicists are not experts in sociology

    • What is the main difference between positivism and post-positivism?

    <p>Objective measurement vs. biased observation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did the roots of constructivism and interpretivism emerge?

    <p>1910s-1920s (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern of sociology and psychology regarding positivism?

    <p>Complexity of human mind and experience (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of critical theory in relation to power systems?

    <p>To understand how power systems affect human behaviour and thought (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the post-positivist approach in the context of stress research?

    <p>To identify universal mechanisms of stress through careful observation and experimentation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of data is typically collected in qualitative research?

    <p>Text, audio, or image data from non-experimental contexts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern of axiology in the context of stress research?

    <p>What do we value in terms of stress reduction? (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of methodology in the context of stress research?

    <p>To formulate hypotheses and design careful experiments to test them (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of experiments are typically used in quantitative stress research?

    <p>Randomised controlled experiments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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