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Research Paradigms: Positivism & Post-positivism

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Questions and Answers

What is the fundamental assumption of positivism?

Humans are inherently biased observers

Laws of physics are not applicable to social sciences

The outside world can be objectively observed and measured (correct)

Constructivism is a superior approach to social sciences

Who is credited with the influential updates to positivism in the 1960s?

August Comte and Karl Popper

Max Weber and Georg Simmel

August Comte and Georg Simmel

Karl Popper and Thomas Kuhn (correct)

What is the primary criticism of positivism by post-positivists?

Scientists are not neutral observers (correct)

Social norms do not affect scientific inquiry

The outside world cannot be objectively measured

Physicists are not experts in sociology

What is the main difference between positivism and post-positivism?

Objective measurement vs. biased observation Signup and view all the answers

When did the roots of constructivism and interpretivism emerge?

1910s-1920s Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern of sociology and psychology regarding positivism?

Complexity of human mind and experience Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of critical theory in relation to power systems?

To understand how power systems affect human behaviour and thought Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the post-positivist approach in the context of stress research?

To identify universal mechanisms of stress through careful observation and experimentation Signup and view all the answers

What type of data is typically collected in qualitative research?

Text, audio, or image data from non-experimental contexts Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern of axiology in the context of stress research?

What do we value in terms of stress reduction? Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of methodology in the context of stress research?

To formulate hypotheses and design careful experiments to test them Signup and view all the answers

What type of experiments are typically used in quantitative stress research?

Randomised controlled experiments Signup and view all the answers