Research Methods: Quantitative vs Qualitative
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Questions and Answers

Which characteristic differentiates quantitative data from qualitative data?

  • It is descriptive in nature.
  • It relies on personal interpretations.
  • It is collected through observational methods.
  • It is represented in numbers. (correct)

    • What is the primary focus of qualitative research?

  • To define categories for data collection.
  • To establish measurable patterns.
  • To collect numerical data for statistical analysis.
  • To understand the underlying reasons behind behaviors. (correct)

    • Which of the following is a characteristic of qualitative data?

  • Numeric representation.
  • Structured through predefined categories.
  • Statistically analyzable.
  • Rich in detail and context. (correct)

    • What does a null hypothesis claim?

    <p>There is no effect of one variable on another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is characteristic of an alternative hypothesis?

    <p>It asserts that there is an effect or relationship present.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what form can qualitative data be expressed?

    <p>Narrative descriptions or visuals such as photographs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes quantitative data?

    <p>It is less influenced by personal biases and interpretations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of a directional hypothesis?

    <p>It predicts the direction of the change between variables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hypothesis includes more than two variables?

    <p>Complex hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What applications are best suited for qualitative research?

    <p>Understanding concepts and gaining in-depth insights into social phenomena.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is quantitative data typically collected?

    <p>Via structured surveys or defined measurement scales.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms is most likely used in an alternative hypothesis?

    <p>Greater than or less than</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following scenarios exemplifies qualitative research?

    <p>Conducting an interview to understand employee experiences at work.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean for null and alternative hypotheses to be mutually exclusive?

    <p>They cannot coexist; only one can be true.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario exemplifies a directional hypothesis?

    <p>Students who study more will score higher than those who do not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do null and alternative hypotheses together represent?

    <p>Various outcomes for a single question.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of phenomenological research?

    <p>To explain the nature of things through lived experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method involves the researcher living within a community to study its culture?

    <p>Ethnography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing characteristic of case study research?

    <p>It provides a contextualized understanding of a specific case</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In ethnographic research, what is primarily being described?

    <p>Shared attitudes, values, and norms of a culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of data is typically gathered in case study research?

    <p>Qualitative data through interviews and observations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which research method is focused on analyzing text or written content?

    <p>Content Analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key outcome of case study research?

    <p>Detailed insights into the dynamics of a specific phenomenon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of experience can phenomenological research focus on?

    <p>Experiences related to a medical condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary roles of research design in a study?

    <p>To provide guidelines on data collection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of research design aids in organizing resources for data collection?

    <p>Arranging manpower and equipment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does research design provide directions to research staff?

    <p>By guiding the selection of data sources and collection methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a purpose of research design?

    <p>To develop the study's objectives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of methods does research design help select for data collection?

    <p>Survey, Interview, and Observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a technique of data analysis that research design may recommend?

    <p>Measures of Central Tendency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key benefit of using research design when studying buyer behavior?

    <p>It provides structured methods for observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In research design, what kind of analysis technique is used to forecast sales?

    <p>Time Series analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining characteristic of interdisciplinary research?

    <p>Experts from different fields collaborate while retaining disciplinary boundaries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the focus of trans-disciplinary research?

    <p>Solving complex real-world problems through a holistic approach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does trans-disciplinary research differ from interdisciplinary research?

    <p>It integrates knowledge from various fields to create comprehensive solutions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable limitation of trans-disciplinary research?

    <p>It requires substantial resources, including time and funding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which example demonstrates the collaboration seen in trans-disciplinary research?

    <p>Nutritionists, psychologists, and educators working together to promote healthy living.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What collaborative aspect is emphasized in trans-disciplinary research?

    <p>Engagement with community members and practitioners.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic of interdisciplinary research focuses on a common problem?

    <p>Shared Problem Focus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do sociologists play in the example of promoting healthy living?

    <p>They analyze family and community influences on children's eating habits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Quantitative Research

    • Data represented in numbers (counts, percentages, measurements)
    • Objective; less influenced by personal biases
    • Structured data collection (predefined categories, scales)
    • Suitable for statistical tests and modeling
    • Used for analyzing economic indicators, tracking fitness progress, testing hypotheses, establishing patterns, making predictions

    Qualitative Research

    • Non-numeric; used to describe qualities or characteristics
    • Provides insights into reasons, opinions, and motivations
    • Expressed in words; helps understand concepts, thoughts, and experiences
    • Used for in-depth understanding of complex topics
    • Focuses on the "why" not just "what" of social phenomena
    • Relies on human direct experiences
    • Examples: interviewing employees to understand workplace culture, phenomenology studying experiences, ethnography describing a culture, case study researching a phenomenon deeply, content analysis analyzing text

    Research Design

    • Provides guidelines for researchers: when to start and end research, what data to collect, how to collect data, from where to collect data
    • Facilitates organizing resources: funds, equipment, manpower
    • Provides directions to research staff: data sources, collection techniques, research area, resources, timeframe
    • Helps select appropriate data collection and analysis techniques: surveys/interviews, observations, experiments, measures of central tendency, time series analysis, correlation techniques

    Types of Hypotheses

    • Research Question: A question that guides the research investigation
    • Null Hypothesis (H0): States that there is no effect, difference, or relationship between variables in the population
    • Alternative Hypothesis (Ha): States that there is an effect, difference, or relationship between variables
    • Directional Hypothesis: Predicts a specific direction (positive or negative) of the effect, difference, or relationship
    • Complex Hypothesis: Examines the relationship between multiple dependent and independent variables

    Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Research

    • Interdisciplinary Research: Researchers from different disciplines collaborate while maintaining their disciplinary boundaries. Focuses on integrating insights from multiple fields to provide a broader understanding
    • Transdisciplinary Research: Goes beyond integration to create a holistic approach that dissolves disciplinary boundaries. Involves collaboration among academics, practitioners, and the community. Focuses on developing comprehensive solutions to complex problems.

    Limitations of Transdisciplinary Research

    • Complexity: Integrating knowledge from multiple disciplines can be challenging and time-consuming
    • Resource-Intensive: Requires significant resources, including time, funding, and coordination efforts

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    Research Design Unit 1 PDF

    Description

    Explore the fundamental differences between quantitative and qualitative research methods. This quiz will help you understand the characteristics, purposes, and applications of each approach in social science and other fields. Test your knowledge on data collection techniques, analysis methods, and research designs.

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