Research Methods in Psychology

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a categorical variable?

  • Blood Type (correct)
  • Weight
  • Age
  • Height

What type of variable is manipulated by the researcher in an experiment?

  • Confounding Variable
  • Independent Variable (correct)
  • Continuous Variable
  • Dependent Variable

Which of the following is an example of a continuous variable?

  • Gender
  • Blood Type
  • Number of Children
  • Age (correct)

What is the purpose of a null hypothesis?

<p>To reject any relationship between variables (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following types of sources is essential for original research and data?

<p>Primary Source (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hypothesis specifies the expected direction of the relationship between variables?

<p>Directional Hypothesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What quality is specifically detrimental to a high-quality literature review?

<p>Biased (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A variable that can take an infinite range of values along a continuum is:

<p>Continuous Variable (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of source is best described as providing an overview but not the depth of a primary source?

<p>Secondary Source (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for variables that can obscure the relationship between the independent and dependent variables?

<p>Confounding Variables (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of electronic databases in the context of nursing research?

<p>To gather research literature (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hypothesis predicts no relationship between two variables?

<p>Null Hypothesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which database is uniquely tailored to nursing and allied health disciplines?

<p>CINAHL (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The main aim of composing a literature review is to achieve which outcome?

<p>Summarize existing knowledge (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which activity is essential for conducting a thorough literature review?

<p>Literature Search (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of writing a paraphrase, what should the focus be?

<p>Expressing the same ideas in a new form (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Types of Variables

  • Categorical Variable: Represents distinct categories. Example: Blood Type.
  • Independent Variable: Manipulated by researchers in experiments to observe effects.
  • Dependent Variable: Outcome variable measured in a study.
  • Continuous Variable: Can take an infinite range of values along a continuum. Example: Age.
  • Confounding Variable: Can obscure the relationship between independent and dependent variables.

Hypotheses

  • Non-Directional Hypothesis: Predicts a relationship without specifying the direction.
  • Directional Hypothesis: Specifies the expected direction of the relationship between variables.
  • Null Hypothesis: Predicts no relationship between two variables, serving as a benchmark to test against.

Literature Review

  • Purpose: Develops new research ideas by summarizing existing knowledge.
  • Primary Sources: Should be consulted first during a literature review as they present original research.
  • Secondary Sources: Offer overviews but should not replace primary sources in rigor.
  • High-Quality Review Characteristics: Should be comprehensive, systematic, and reproducible; bias is a negative quality.

Research Literature and Databases

  • Electronic Databases: Crucial for gathering research literature, enhancing literature review accuracy.
  • Specific Nursing Database: CINAHL is tailored for nursing and allied health literature.

Writing and Research Proposal

  • Objective of Literature Review: To summarize existing knowledge rather than to collect new data or publish findings.
  • Critical Activity: Literature search is essential for conducting a review.
  • Proposal Reviews: A review included in a research proposal synthesizes relevant literature.

Research Problem Formulation

  • Research Problem: Central focus of a study; defines what the research aims to address.
  • Steps in Formulation: Identifying variables, defining the research question, and formulating a hypothesis are key; data collection is not part of this formulation process.
  • Hypothesis Components: The relationship or correlation between variables is integral to defining a hypothesis.

Definitions

  • Operational Definition: Practical application of a concept within a study.
  • Conceptual Definition: The theoretical meaning of a concept, crucial for understanding research context.

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