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Questions and Answers
What type of research design is used to investigate cause-and-effect relationships between variables?
Which research method focuses on non-numerical data?
What is the main characteristic of probability sampling?
What type of research design lacks random assignment of participants to groups?
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What type of sampling technique involves selecting participants based on ease of access?
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What is the primary consideration when selecting participants using purposive sampling?
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What is the primary goal of descriptive statistics in data analysis?
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What is the primary concern of the research ethics principle of risk and harm?
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What is the primary purpose of thematic analysis in data analysis?
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What is the primary purpose of informed consent in research ethics?
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Study Notes
Types of Research Designs
- Experimental Design: Investigates cause-and-effect relationships between variables. Manipulate independent variable, control extraneous variables, and measure dependent variable.
- Quasi-Experimental Design: Lacks random assignment of participants to groups, but still investigates cause-and-effect relationships.
- Survey Research: Collects data through self-report measures, such as questionnaires or interviews.
- Case Study Research: In-depth examination of a single case or a small number of cases.
- Content Analysis: Analyzes texts, images, or videos to identify patterns and themes.
Research Methods
- Quantitative Methods: Focus on numerical data, using statistical analysis to identify patterns and trends.
- Qualitative Methods: Focus on non-numerical data, using thematic analysis to identify patterns and themes.
- Mixed Methods: Combines quantitative and qualitative methods to provide a comprehensive understanding.
Sampling Techniques
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Probability Sampling: Every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.
- Simple Random Sampling: Randomly select participants from the population.
- Stratified Sampling: Divide the population into subgroups and randomly select participants from each.
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Non-Probability Sampling: Participants are selected based on convenience or accessibility.
- Convenience Sampling: Select participants based on ease of access.
- Purposive Sampling: Select participants based on their expertise or characteristics.
Data Collection Methods
- Self-Report Measures: Surveys, questionnaires, and interviews.
- Observational Methods: Naturalistic observation, participant observation, and controlled observation.
- Secondary Data Collection: Analyze existing data, such as literature reviews or archival records.
Data Analysis
- Descriptive Statistics: Summarize and describe the data, using measures of central tendency and variability.
- Inferential Statistics: Make inferences about the population based on the sample data, using hypothesis testing and confidence intervals.
- Thematic Analysis: Identify patterns and themes in qualitative data.
Research Ethics
- Informed Consent: Participants must be fully informed about the study and voluntarily consent to participate.
- Anonymity and Confidentiality: Protect participants' identities and maintain confidentiality.
- Risk and Harm: Minimize risks and potential harm to participants.
- Deception and Debriefing: Avoid deception, and debrief participants at the end of the study.
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of research methods in psychology, including types of research designs, methods, sampling techniques, data collection methods, data analysis, and research ethics.
