Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary goal of descriptive research?
What is the primary goal of descriptive research?
- To manipulate variables
- To establish cause-and-effect relationships
- To develop and use surveys
- To describe current phenomena and their relationships (correct)
What type of research is used to study the characteristics of populations directly?
What type of research is used to study the characteristics of populations directly?
- Correlational research
- Non-experimental research
- Survey research (correct)
- Experimental research
What is the purpose of correlational research?
What is the purpose of correlational research?
- To develop and use surveys
- To establish cause-and-effect relationships
- To manipulate variables
- To describe relationships between variables (correct)
What is an example of survey research?
What is an example of survey research?
What is a characteristic of non-experimental research methods?
What is a characteristic of non-experimental research methods?
What is an example of a descriptive research question?
What is an example of a descriptive research question?
What is the name of the questionnaire used in a study on the effect of critical thinking instruction through debate on students' reading comprehension?
What is the name of the questionnaire used in a study on the effect of critical thinking instruction through debate on students' reading comprehension?
What is a type of descriptive research?
What is a type of descriptive research?
What is the primary purpose of including warm-up questions in an interview?
What is the primary purpose of including warm-up questions in an interview?
What is a characteristic of structured questions in interviews?
What is a characteristic of structured questions in interviews?
What is a potential disadvantage of using interviews in research?
What is a potential disadvantage of using interviews in research?
What is the primary goal of conducting a literature review in the development of an interview?
What is the primary goal of conducting a literature review in the development of an interview?
What is essential to do when seeking permission to record an interview?
What is essential to do when seeking permission to record an interview?
What is a benefit of using interviews in research?
What is a benefit of using interviews in research?
What is the purpose of field testing in the development of an interview?
What is the purpose of field testing in the development of an interview?
What is an alternative method to interviews in survey research?
What is an alternative method to interviews in survey research?
What is the primary purpose of establishing validity in survey research?
What is the primary purpose of establishing validity in survey research?
What is a major advantage of survey research?
What is a major advantage of survey research?
What is the primary goal of correlational research?
What is the primary goal of correlational research?
What is the correlation coefficient used to estimate?
What is the correlation coefficient used to estimate?
What is indicated by a stronger correlation coefficient?
What is indicated by a stronger correlation coefficient?
What is an example of a positive correlation?
What is an example of a positive correlation?
What is important to note about correlations?
What is important to note about correlations?
What determines the strength of a correlation?
What determines the strength of a correlation?
What does the sign of the correlation indicate?
What does the sign of the correlation indicate?
What is the Pearson product-moment correlation symbolized as?
What is the Pearson product-moment correlation symbolized as?
What is a scattergram?
What is a scattergram?
What does a 45° slope in a scattergram indicate?
What does a 45° slope in a scattergram indicate?
What is true about negative correlations?
What is true about negative correlations?
How many correlation coefficients are there for 𝑛 variables?
How many correlation coefficients are there for 𝑛 variables?
What is the correlation of a variable with itself?
What is the correlation of a variable with itself?
What is the purpose of interpreting the Pearson correlation coefficient?
What is the purpose of interpreting the Pearson correlation coefficient?
What is the coefficient of determination used to show?
What is the coefficient of determination used to show?
What happens to the amount of variance explained as the correlation gets stronger?
What happens to the amount of variance explained as the correlation gets stronger?
What does a correlation of 0.40 have a coefficient of determination of?
What does a correlation of 0.40 have a coefficient of determination of?
What is the term for the amount of variance that is not explained by the correlation?
What is the term for the amount of variance that is not explained by the correlation?
What does Figure 9.2 show?
What does Figure 9.2 show?
What is the purpose of Table 9.4?
What is the purpose of Table 9.4?
What is the result of increasing the correlation from 0.4 to 0.5?
What is the result of increasing the correlation from 0.4 to 0.5?
What is the relationship between the correlation coefficient and the coefficient of determination?
What is the relationship between the correlation coefficient and the coefficient of determination?
Study Notes
Survey Research Methods
- Definition: Survey research is a type of descriptive research that aims to describe current phenomena without manipulating variables.
- Purpose: To understand and describe current phenomena, attitudes, beliefs, and opinions.
Types of Survey Research
- Correlational Studies: Describe relationships between variables without inferring causation.
- Interviews:
- Types:
- Structured Questions: Clear, closed-ended questions with explicit answers.
- Unstructured Questions: Open-ended questions allowing for broad responses.
- Advantages:
- Flexibility
- Observation of nonverbal behavior
- Control over the tone and agenda
- Disadvantages:
- Time-consuming
- Potential bias
- Lack of standardization
- Types:
Conducting Interviews
- Steps:
- Purpose and Goals: Define the interview's purpose and desired outcomes.
- Literature Review: Review existing literature and previous interviews in the field.
- Sample Selection: Choose a diverse and representative sample.
- Question Development: Create clear and concise questions, avoiding hidden agendas.
- Field Testing: Test the interview with a similar audience and adjust based on feedback.
- Interviewer Training: Train interviewers to be polite, attentive, and proactive.
- Conducting Interviews: Allocate sufficient time and be assertive but respectful during interviews.
Correlational Research
- Definition: A type of descriptive research that looks at the linear relationship between two or more variables without suggesting that one variable affects the other.
- Purpose: To understand relationships between variables.
- Examples:
- Relationship between multiple intelligences and metacognitive strategies in MA students of TEFL.
- Relationship among meta-memory, meta-cognitive vocabulary, and the role of theory of mind in Persian young children.
Correlation Coefficients
- Definition: A numerical index that shows the strength of the relationship between two variables.
- Types:
- Positive Correlation: As one variable increases, the other also increases.
- Negative Correlation: As one variable increases, the other decreases.
- Important Points:
- Correlations are not causal.
- The strength of a correlation is measured by its absolute value, not its sign.
Scattergrams
- Definition: A visual representation of the correlation coefficient between two variables, showing scores in pairs.
- Purpose: To visualize the relationship between two variables.
Interpreting Correlation Coefficients
- Methods:
- Eyeball Method: Associating certain correlation values with a degree of relationship.
- Coefficient of Determination: Squaring the correlation coefficient to show how much of the variance in one variable can be explained by the variance in another variable.
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Description
Learn about survey research, correlational research, and non-experimental research methods. Understand the definition, advantages, and disadvantages of survey research and how to develop and use surveys.
