Research Methods and Ethics Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is one of the primary concerns in the ethical norm of Human Subjects Protection?

Reducing the cost of research

Enhancing the reputation of the researchers

Minimizing harms and maximizing benefits (correct)

Increasing the complexity of research methods

Which type of research is characterized by strict control of variables?

Descriptive research

Experimental research (correct)

Qualitative research

Exploratory research

What does 'Openness' in research ethics emphasize?

Secrecy in data collection

Avoiding peer-reviewed publications

Conducting research without collaboration

Sharing data and being receptive to criticism (correct)

Which ethical norm involves avoiding careless errors in research?

Carefulness Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Applied/Practical Research from Basic Research?

Applied research has immediate usefulness while basic research primarily generates knowledge. Signup and view all the answers

According to the three kinds of research based on approach, which type does not involve strict control of variables?

Non-experimental research Signup and view all the answers

Which ethical responsibility involves properly acknowledging the contributions of others in research?

Respect for Intellectual Property Signup and view all the answers

What does Descriptive Research primarily focus on?

Describing existing phenomena Signup and view all the answers

Which type of qualitative research focuses on understanding experiences related to a specific phenomenon?

Phenomenology Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of ethnographic research?

It describes the culture of a particular group. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of research, what does the term 'dependent variable' refer to?

The outcome being measured or examined. Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT part of the research process outlined?

Sample Population Signup and view all the answers

What best defines grounded theory in qualitative research?

Generating and developing a theory from data. Signup and view all the answers

Which step in the research process involves outlining the significance of the study?

Significance of the study Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary purpose of writing an introduction in a research report?

Stating the problem and providing motivation. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of research approach combines both qualitative and quantitative methods?

Mixed method Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of research emphasizes validity and systematic processes?

Research is Logical Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes basic research?

Driven by curiosity to expand knowledge Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of the research process involves defining the specific focus of the study?

Identifying and delimiting the problem Signup and view all the answers

What does a critical characteristic of research entail?

Exhibits carefully studied judgement Signup and view all the answers

Which type of knowledge is associated with experience and observation?

A Posteriori Knowledge Signup and view all the answers

In the research process, which stage follows the formulation of the hypothesis?

Selecting a research design Signup and view all the answers

Which of these characteristics indicates that research procedures can be repeated?

Research is Replicable Signup and view all the answers

How is applied research primarily defined?

Used to address a specific real-world question Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the background of the study in a research report?

To explain the objectives and reasons for conducting the study Signup and view all the answers

What does the significance of the study outline?

How the study contributes to knowledge and who benefits from it Signup and view all the answers

Which component of a research report provides a summary of existing literature related to the topic?

Review of related literature (RRL) Signup and view all the answers

What is typically included in the statement of the problem section?

The main issue the research aims to address Signup and view all the answers

Which part of a research report gives an expected outcome related to two variables?

Hypothesis Signup and view all the answers

What aspect does the scope and delimitation of a study define?

Coverage of the study and aspects that will not be covered Signup and view all the answers

What role does the definition of terms play in a research report?

It defines key technical terms for better understanding Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to discuss the reasons for choosing the topic in a research report?

To provide context and demonstrate relevance Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Research

Systematic process of collecting and analyzing information or data
Can be categorized into basic or applied research

Basic Research

Driven by curiosity, expanding knowledge

Applied Research

Answers specific questions with direct applications

Characteristics of Research

Empirical: Based on direct experience/observation
Logical: Based on valid processes/principles
Analytical: Uses analytical procedures
Methodical: Conducted without bias
Replicable: Design/procedures can be repeated
Critical: Exhibits careful judgment

Ethics in Research

Honesty
Objectivity
Integrity
Carefulness
Openness
Respect for Intellectual Property
Confidentiality
Animal Care
Human Subjects Protection

Epistemology

Study of acquiring knowledge
Answers "how do we know?"

Two Kinds of Knowledge

A Priori: Independent of experience, pure reasoning (deductive)
A Posteriori: Involves deductive reasoning and supported by facts (empirical)

Qualitative Research Types

Phenomenology: Understanding individual experiences
Ethnography: Describing cultures
Case Study: Detailed accounts of cases
Grounded Theory: Developing theories from data
Historical Approach: Past events

Research Process (15 Stages)

Problem identification/delimitation
Literature review
Theoretical framework development
Hypothesis formulation
Research design selection
Sampling
Data collection methods
Research plan review
Data collection
Data preparation/analysis
Data analysis
Result interpretation
Conclusion drawing
Findings communication/publication
Findings utilization

Research Motives/Purposes

Basic research: Generating new knowledge
Applied research: Immediate usefulness

Research Approaches

Experimental: Strict control of variables
Non-Experimental: No strict control of variables

Research Data Types

Qualitative: Data that can be described, not measured
Quantitative: Data that can be measured

Research Levels

Exploratory: Exploring questions
Descriptive: Describing phenomena
Explanatory: Explaining phenomena

Research Types by Purpose

Theoretical/Basic Research
Applied/Practical Research

Qualitative Research Types (Three)

Qualitative
Quantitative
Mixed methods

Research Format/Steps

Introduction
Methodology
Results
Discussion

Research Report Introduction

Significance/implications of the study
Background/motivation
Purpose/focus

Research Report Parts (Details)

Background of the study: rationale/motivation
Problem statement: key questions
Hypothesis: expected outcomes
Significance of the study: contribution
Scope and delimitation: boundaries
Definitions of terms: clear definitions
Literature review: related studies summary

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Description

This quiz explores the essential characteristics of research, including distinctions between basic and applied research. It also delves into the ethical considerations that underpin research practices and discusses epistemology and types of knowledge. Engage with the fundamental principles that guide scholarly inquiry.