Podcast Beta
Questions and Answers
What is the definition of psychology according to the text?
Why can't we rely on intuition when it comes to learning about the natural world?
Why can't we rely on common sense when it comes to generating new knowledge?
Which type of research allows us to draw cause and effect conclusions?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the independent variable in the following statement? 'Drinking milk increases bone density.'
Signup and view all the answers
What is the dependent variable in the following statement? 'Drinking milk increases bone density.'
Signup and view all the answers
What is the advantage of experimental research over correlational research?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of descriptive research?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the difference between rationalism and empiricism?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a falsifiable hypothesis?
Signup and view all the answers
Why is replication important in scientific research?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the fundamental rule of naturalistic observation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of correlational research?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the range of values for the correlation coefficient (r)?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a negative correlation?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of case study research?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main reason why a survey sample must be representative?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the criteria for random sampling?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the advantage of using surveys in research?
Signup and view all the answers
What are confounding variables in experimental research?
Signup and view all the answers
Why is it important to control confounding variables in experimental research?
Signup and view all the answers
What is random assignment in experimental research?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a placebo in experimental research?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Definition of Psychology
- Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
Intuition and Learning
- Intuition can be misleading as it lacks systematic analysis and empirical evidence.
Common Sense and Knowledge Generation
- Common sense is often based on personal beliefs and can lead to incorrect conclusions; it is not a reliable method for establishing new knowledge.
Research and Cause-and-Effect
- Experimental research allows for drawing cause and effect conclusions due to manipulation of variables.
Independent Variable
- In the statement "Drinking milk increases bone density," the independent variable is drinking milk.
Dependent Variable
- In the statement "Drinking milk increases bone density," the dependent variable is bone density.
Experimental vs. Correlational Research
- Experimental research has the advantage of determining causation, whereas correlational research can only identify relationships between variables.
Purpose of Descriptive Research
- Descriptive research aims to provide a detailed account of a phenomenon without manipulating any variables.
Rationalism vs. Empiricism
- Rationalism relies on reasoning and logic, while empiricism relies on observation and experience as the primary source of knowledge.
Falsifiable Hypothesis
- A falsifiable hypothesis is one that can be proven wrong through evidence or experimentation.
Importance of Replication
- Replication is crucial in scientific research to verify results and establish reliability and validity of findings.
Naturalistic Observation Rule
- The fundamental rule of naturalistic observation is to observe subjects in their natural environment without interference.
Purpose of Correlational Research
- The aim of correlational research is to identify and measure relationships between two or more variables.
Correlation Coefficient Range
- The correlation coefficient (r) ranges from -1.0 to +1.0.
Negative Correlation
- A negative correlation indicates that as one variable increases, the other variable decreases.
Case Study Research Disadvantage
- A lack of generalizability is a known disadvantage of case study research, but a detailed insight can be an advantage, not a disadvantage.
Representativeness in Surveys
- A survey sample must be representative to ensure that the findings can be generalized to the wider population.
Criteria for Random Sampling
- Random sampling ensures that every individual in the population has an equal chance of being selected for the survey.
Advantages of Surveys
- Surveys can collect data from a large number of respondents efficiently, allowing for statistical analysis.
Confounding Variables
- Confounding variables are extraneous factors that may influence the outcome of an experiment and complicate the results.
Importance of Controlling Confounding Variables
- Controlling confounding variables is vital to ensure that the results of an experiment are valid and accurately reflect the effects of the independent variable.
Random Assignment
- Random assignment is the process of randomly allocating participants to either the experimental or control groups to minimize biases.
Placebo in Experimental Research
- A placebo is a control treatment that has no therapeutic effect, used to compare against the actual treatment in experimental research.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz covers the definition of psychology, the limitations of intuition and common sense in understanding the natural world, and the principles of cause and effect research. It also tests understanding of independent and dependent variables in a research statement.