Research Methodology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is a key characteristic of an effective study title?

  • It should include multiple concepts.
  • It should be lengthy and descriptive.
  • It should contain personal opinions.
  • It should be written in the inverted pyramid format if lengthy. (correct)

    • What should be avoided when presenting the purpose of the study?

  • Following a funneling technique.
  • Including citations.
  • Using an opinionated statement. (correct)
  • Making it well-organized.

    • Which statement best reflects the scope of a study?

  • It describes the limitations of the anticipated outcomes.
  • It elaborates on the researchers' personal motivations.
  • It outlines the specific beneficiaries of the research.
  • It indicates the coverage and boundaries of the research. (correct)

    • What role does the alternative hypothesis (Ha) play in research?

    <p>It indicates that the observations are the result of a real effect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In qualitative research, what is a characteristic of hypotheses or assumptions?

    <p>They are optional and may not always be included.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who are considered usual beneficiaries of research findings?

    <p>Experts concerned about the problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended strategy for organizing the objectives of a study?

    <p>Using the funneling technique.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered the 'INPUT' in the research methodology framework?

    <p>The respondents in the study.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common mistake researchers should avoid in their presentations?

    <p>Making the content preachy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which definition describes what a construct or word actually means?

    <p>Conceptual definition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Sampling' refer to in research methodology?

    <p>Selecting a portion of the population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes 'Research Subjects'?

    <p>Individuals who provide data for analysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of 'Research Instruments'?

    <p>To collect data in the study.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'Research Setting' refer to?

    <p>The location where the research occurs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes a subset of the population elements analyzed in research?

    <p>Sample.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential aspect of 'Research Ethics'?

    <p>Ensuring the honesty and integrity of research.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is described as factors or variables that are not included in a study?

    <p>Delimitations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best represents the purpose of the Statement of the Problem section?

    <p>To briefly answer basic questions related to the study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the introduction phrase 'The main objective of this study is to...' usually indicate?

    <p>The core aim of the research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT typically included in a Review of Related Literature (RRL)?

    <p>General theoretical frameworks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does RRL provide beyond reviewing studies and literature?

    <p>A rational explanation for conducting the study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the 'WHERE' aspect of the research be defined?

    <p>The venue or setting of the research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is generally expected from the objectives outlined in the study?

    <p>They should be clearly defined and specific</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What main component is essential when specifying the number of subjects in research?

    <p>It should clarify those who are excluded from the study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the null hypothesis in research?

    <p>To allow statistical testing of the hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component contributes to the justification of a study?

    <p>Significance of the study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of the literature review does the coherence principle relate to?

    <p>The relevance of previous studies to the current research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a conceptual framework?

    <p>A visual diagram linking theories and concepts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the methodology section of a research study primarily include?

    <p>The population and sampling methods used</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect does NOT fall under the purposes of the review of related literature?

    <p>To demonstrate the effectiveness of a treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the theoretical framework play in research?

    <p>It provides a basis for hypotheses formulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is critical for observing coherence in a literature review?

    <p>Linking studies to show how they influence each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does maintaining anonymity in research mean?

    <p>Not identifying participants by name or address</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is simple random sampling primarily based on?

    <p>Chance, giving equal opportunity for selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cluster sampling primarily used for?

    <p>Selecting a cluster from a large and dispersed population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be included when using borrowed standardized instruments?

    <p>Permission to use them and validation of reliability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of validating research instruments?

    <p>To guarantee instruments measure intended concepts accurately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does reliability refer to in research instruments?

    <p>The consistency of the instruments over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a required detail in describing research instruments?

    <p>The demographics of the researcher</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect does validity specifically address in research instruments?

    <p>The accuracy of what the instruments intend to measure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Title

    • Avoid using phrases like "Analysis of", "A Study of", "An Investigation of", or similar titles.
    • Keep it concise and short.
    • If the title contains more than one line, write it in an inverted pyramid format.

    Hypothesis

    • Alternative Hypothesis (Ha) is a statement that the observations are the result of a real effect.
    • The Null Hypothesis (Ho) states that there is no relationship between the variables.

    Objective of the Study

    • A long-term objective expected to be achieved by the study.
    • Usually prefixed with "The main objective of this study is to..."

    Statement of the Problem

    • Specific questions which are to be answered in the study.
    • It can be a general statement of the whole problem followed by specific questions (sub-problems).

    Significance of the Study

    • Defines the potential benefits of the study.
    • Explains who will benefit and how they will benefit from the findings.
    • Common beneficiaries:
      • Experts concerned about the problem
      • Administrators who make decisions or implement programs
      • The subjects themselves
      • Future researchers
      • Those directly or indirectly affected by the problem

    Scope and Delimitation

    • Scope describes the coverage of the study in terms of:
      • Concept
      • Number of subjects
      • Timeline of the study
    • Delimitation refers to factors or variables that are not included in the study, including:
      • Boundary in terms of time frame
      • Number of subjects excluded
      • Specific aspects of the problem not investigated
    • Reviews previous studies and literature from local and foreign authors.
    • The study's rationale is explained in this chapter, justifying the need for the research.
    • Includes:
      • Review of foreign literature (books, journals, articles, researches, etc.)
      • Review of local literature (books, journals, articles, researches, etc.)
      • Theoretical framework
      • Conceptual framework
      • Research paradigm

    Purposes and Functions of RRL

    • Provides justification for the study.
    • Identifies gaps, problems, and needs related to existing research.
    • Provides rationale for the study and reasons for conducting it.
    • Provides a basis for the study, using information from previous research.

    Conceptual and Operational Definitions

    • Conceptual definition describes the meaning of a construct or word; dictionary meaning.
    • Operational definition describes how the construct or word was used in the study; specific application within the research.

    Research Methodology

    • Includes:
      • Research Setting
      • Research Subjects
      • Research Ethics
      • Research Instruments
      • Validation of Instruments

    Sampling

    • Population consists of all members of the group about which the researchers want to draw conclusions.
    • Sample is a portion of the population selected for analysis; a subset of the population elements.
    • Types of Probability Sampling:
      • Simple random sampling: Purely based on chance, each member has an equal chance of being selected.
      • Stratified random sampling: Divides the population into strata (groups) with similar characteristics before selecting a sample.
      • Systematic random sampling: Selects a sample by choosing every kth element from a list.
      • Cluster sampling: Selects clusters from a population that is large or geographically dispersed.

    Research Instruments

    • Each questionnaire used in the study should be described in detail:
      • Number and types of questionnaires
      • Number of items
      • Instruments used (borrowed/standardized, adapted, or self-made)
      • Modification or construction of instruments specific to the study

    Validation of Instruments

    • Reliability refers to the consistency of the instrument. Do the results consistently produce similar outcomes when used multiple times.
    • Validity refers to the accuracy of the instrument. Does the instrument measure what it is intended to measure?
    • Reliability and validity tests should be included for borrowed or standardized instruments.

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    Psyres-1 Midterm PDF

    Description

    Test your understanding of key concepts in research methodology including hypotheses, objectives, problem statements, and significance of studies. This quiz will help you explore these essential elements and their applications in research.

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