Research Methodology
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary advantage of experimental research design?

  • Identifying correlational relationships between variables
  • Establishing a cause-and-effect relationship between variables (correct)
  • Measuring attitudes and opinions of a large population
  • Exploring cultural backgrounds and behaviors of individuals
  • What type of survey research is used to test a hypothesis?

  • Investigative scientific campaign (correct)
  • Correlational study
  • Meta-analysis
  • Attitude survey
  • What is the primary goal of correlation analysis?

  • To identify a pattern or relationship between two or more variables (correct)
  • To establish a cause-and-effect relationship between variables
  • To predict an outcome based on existing data
  • To explore cultural backgrounds and behaviors of individuals
  • What is the purpose of meta-analysis?

    <p>To calculate the averages of results from select studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of ethnographic studies?

    <p>To gather insight into how people live and behave in their everyday lives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key consideration in survey research?

    <p>Creation of a valid and reliable questionnaire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of study tries to determine the cause or consequences of differences between groups?

    <p>Causal-comparative study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of experimental design?

    <p>Randomization and manipulation of variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of qualitative research?

    <p>To increase understanding and identify variables for future investigations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is qualitative research often carried out?

    <p>In a natural environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of references are primarily used in a study?

    <p>Primary sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a bibliographic review?

    <p>To identify research gaps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of qualitative research?

    <p>It is descriptive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of qualitative research?

    <p>It lacks generalizability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the researcher in qualitative research?

    <p>To observe the situation discreetly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of a study's bibliographic review?

    <p>To identify research gaps and provide a foundation for further studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential to evaluate when reading a research article?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial aspect of experimental design?

    <p>The choice of experimental design</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key consideration when conducting survey research?

    <p>How the subjects were chosen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common application of correlation analysis?

    <p>Determining the strength of relationships between variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of meta-analysis?

    <p>Combining results from multiple studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of ethnographic studies?

    <p>Observing participants in their natural environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important consideration when critiquing a research article?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key benefit of critically reading a research article?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Research Methodology

    • Experimental research is the most conclusive type of research, involving random assignment of subjects and strict control of variables (e.g., Randomized Controlled Trials).
    • Survey research involves two types: attitude surveys (likes and dislikes) and investigative scientific campaigns (testing a hypothesis), and requires a valid and reliable questionnaire.
    • Correlation research establishes a relationship between two or more variables, enabling intelligent predictions (e.g., case-control studies).
    • Factorial studies are qualitative, introduce at least two independent variables, and require a broad sample.
    • Meta-analysis calculates the averages of results from selected studies to identify a complete pattern or relationship between results.
    • Causal-comparative studies determine the cause or consequences of differences between groups (e.g., cohort studies).
    • Regression analysis predicts something based on existing data and knowledge.
    • Ethnographic Study investigates the background and surroundings of a patient, aiming to gather insight into daily life, needs, and practices.

    Research Design

    • Authors should justify their design decisions, analyze difficulties, identify dependent and independent variables, and control external variables.
    • The design should be appropriate for the study.

    Samples

    • The population should be identified, and the samples should be representative of this population.
    • The sample collection method should be described, and the techniques used should not compromise the results.
    • Findings should be related to the study and bibliographic review, and any weaknesses or limitations should be acknowledged.

    References

    • Most references should be primary sources.
    • The number of citations should be sufficient, and the references should be recent.
    • The references should enable the reader to find articles for their own bibliographic review.

    Qualitative Research

    • Qualitative research is often conducted outside of the laboratory, in a natural environment.
    • It is descriptive, and the objective is to increase understanding and identify variables and new questions for future investigations.
    • The researcher observes the situation discreetly, and the study aims to gain a deeper understanding of the subject.

    Evaluating Research

    • Researchers should be evaluated based on their standing, methods, and conclusions.
    • The research question, methods, and results should be clearly stated.
    • The clinical importance and implications of the research should be discussed.
    • Limitations and suggestions for future research should be acknowledged.

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    Description

    Understand the basics of research methodology, including hypotheses, experimental and survey methods, and the importance of a valid and reliable questionnaire.

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