Research Ethics and Objectives Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary aim of the session described?

  • To finalize research objectives and questions
  • To conduct a detailed literature review
  • To present previous research findings in detail
  • To provide an overview of how to plan your research project (correct)

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an objective of the session?

  • Conduct in-depth interviews with participants (correct)
  • Provide examples from a range of previous projects
  • Promote discussion on ethical issues
  • Outline key ethical principles

What task should participants undertake regarding their research project?

  • Select a random topic without prior research
  • Refine and define their specific research questions (correct)
  • Avoid discussing ethical issues
  • Limit their project aims to three bullet points

Which ethical principle is likely highlighted in the session?

<p>Ensuring participant confidentiality and informed consent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What framework is suggested for refining research questions?

<p>PICO or SPIDER frameworks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should participants do after conducting a comprehensive literature search?

<p>Identify gaps in the research and their project's relevance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect is crucial for defining success in a research project?

<p>Detailing specific definitions of success (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected outcome of discussing ethical issues in the session?

<p>To support participants in applying ethical concepts to their projects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ethical principle emphasizes the need for fairness in participation during a study?

<p>Justice (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required for participants before being recruited into a research project?

<p>Informed Consent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which situation appropriately respects a participant’s dignity and autonomy?

<p>Consent is obtained without any pressure or coercion. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following recruitment strategies is considered unethical?

<p>Using scare tactics to increase recruitment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly identifies a flaw in a participant recruitment poster?

<p>It encourages direct communication through personal contact. (A), It offers incentives that are excessive. (C), It does not mention the importance of voluntary participation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a requirement for informed consent in research participation?

<p>Completion of a thorough questionnaire (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately reflects the meaning of 'respect for persons' in research ethics?

<p>Honesty and clarity about the study’s purpose are ensured. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What could be considered a reasonable incentive for study participants?

<p>A gift card for a local restaurant (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary ethical principle involved in ensuring the safety of research participants during data collection?

<p>Non-maleficence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following should NOT be done to maintain participant confidentiality?

<p>Store data in unsecured online folders (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the General Data Protection Regulations, what is essential regarding data storage?

<p>Data should be kept in locked cabinets with authorized access (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should researchers do to mitigate risks associated with their studies?

<p>Conduct a risk assessment and implement strategies to reduce risk (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of failing to preserve participant confidentiality in research reports?

<p>Legal consequences and loss of trust from participants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes inclusion criteria for a study on shoulder pain in people over 50?

<p>Individuals registered with the University of the Third Age (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main reasons for promoting inclusivity in research?

<p>To generalize study results effectively (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT listed as an exclusion criterion for participation in the shoulder assessment study?

<p>Inability to understand verbal instructions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does the lack of diversity in research impact medical advancements?

<p>Limits the ability to generalize study results (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which study design is likely to answer the question about the effectiveness of a telehealth tool for shoulder assessment?

<p>RCTs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect is NOT considered a part of ethical issues in research?

<p>Compensation for participants (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a strong benefit of using interview methods like focus groups in research?

<p>Encourages deep insights and perspectives (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these factors should be considered when creating inclusion criteria?

<p>Ethnicity and gender (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What ethical principle emphasizes the importance of informed consent and voluntary participation in research?

<p>Respect for Persons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle requires researchers to ensure that interventions do not intend to cause physical or emotional harm?

<p>Non-Maleficence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of ethical research, what does the principle of Justice primarily address?

<p>Fair distribution of research burdens and benefits (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a requirement for any study collecting data from people?

<p>Ethics approval from an Ethics Committee (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the principle of Beneficence emphasize in research?

<p>Maximizing research benefits (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action does NOT align with the principle of Non-Maleficence?

<p>Conducting research that has the potential for emotional distress (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the ethical review process, which element is crucial for obtaining approval?

<p>A clear description of how ethical issues are addressed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the ethical principle 'Justice' specifically ensure in research studies?

<p>That the benefits and burdens of research are equitably distributed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is an example of Beneficence in research?

<p>Ensuring interventions provide potential benefits (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical ethical principle that requires subjects to be fully informed of research aims and potential risks?

<p>Respect for dignity and autonomy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT typically assessed by an Ethics Committee during research scrutiny?

<p>Participant eligibility criteria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In quantitative studies, what type of measures are typically used for reliable data collection?

<p>Standardized measures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key ethical consideration when collecting data from human subjects?

<p>Minimizing participant burden (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following data types would be most appropriate for a study aiming to measure falls in individuals with stroke?

<p>Diagnostic epidemiological data (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect is likely to impact the reliability of data collection in research?

<p>The timing of data collection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which form of data collection is characterized by predetermined questions and a structured approach?

<p>Qualitative structured interviews (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What ethical principle emphasizes fairness in the distribution of research benefits and burdens?

<p>Justice (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Research Aim

The overarching goal of your research project, stating what you intend to achieve.

Research Objectives

Specific steps or outcomes you hope to accomplish within your research project, breaking down your aim into actionable steps.

Research Question

The central question your research seeks to answer. It should be clear, focused, and researchable.

Literature Search

A comprehensive review of existing research literature on your topic, including what has been done, gaps in the research, and how your project fits.

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PICO Framework

A structured approach for formulating research questions, particularly in healthcare, involving identifying the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Timeframe.

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SPIDER Framework

A structured approach for formulating research questions in health services research, involving specifying the Search, Population, Intervention, Design, Evaluation, and Research type.

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Specific Issues

The specific issues or problems you want to address within your research project, providing clear focus for your investigation.

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Revisit and Refine

Refining your research aim and objectives based on your findings from the literature search and the specific issues you want to address.

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Inclusion Criteria

A set of criteria outlining the characteristics of individuals eligible to participate in a research study. These criteria dictate who can be included and who must be excluded.

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Exclusion Criteria

A set of criteria outlining the characteristics of individuals who should NOT participate in a research study. These criteria are designed to protect the safety and well-being of participants.

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Inclusivity in Research

Research actively involving individuals with direct experience relevant to the study topic, considering factors like race, ethnicity, gender, age, etc.

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Why Inclusivity Matters

A lack of diverse participants can hinder the generalizability of study findings, limit medical advancements, and prevent certain groups from benefiting from research innovations.

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Justice in Research

A fundamental ethical principle in research, emphasizing fairness and equitable distribution of benefits and risks among participants.

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Respect for Dignity and Autonomy

A fundamental ethical principle in research, respecting participants' autonomy, dignity, and right to make informed decisions.

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Beneficence in Research

A fundamental ethical principle in research, ensuring that the potential benefits outweigh any potential risks to participants.

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What research approach and study design might be appropriate for comparing the effectiveness of different treatment options for a specific condition?

Systematic Reviews

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Data Collection

The process of collecting data for a research study, including deciding on the type, timing, and methods of data collection.

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Data Collection Protocol

The process of ensuring reliable and trustworthy data is collected. It involves creating a clear plan detailing the 'what', 'where', 'when', and 'who' of data collection.

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Demographic Data

Information about a participant's background or characteristics, such as age, gender, or ethnicity.

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Diagnostic Data

Information about a participant's health or condition, such as medical history, diagnoses, or symptoms.

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Qualitative Data

Information about a participant's experiences or perspectives, often gathered through interviews, focus groups, or surveys.

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Quantitative Data

Information that can be measured objectively, such as age, weight, or test scores.

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Non-maleficence

The ethical principle of minimizing harm to participants and ensuring their well-being during research.

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Beneficence

The ethical principle of maximizing the benefits of research for participants and society while minimizing risks.

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Respect for Persons

Respect for persons recognizes the inherent worth and autonomy of individuals involved in research. It ensures their right to make informed decisions about participation, free from coercion or undue influence.

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Justice

Justice in research ensures fairness in the selection of participants, distribution of research burdens, and allocation of benefits. It aims to prevent bias and exploitation.

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Informed Consent

Informed consent is a fundamental aspect of respect for persons in research. It requires researchers to provide potential participants with clear and comprehensive information about the study, including its purpose, procedures, risks, benefits, and alternatives. Participants must then freely agree to participate.

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Ethical Review

Ethical Review is a process where an independent Ethics Committee reviews research protocols to ensure they meet ethical standards. It involves assessing the risks and benefits of the study, the methods of recruitment and consent, and the protection of participants' privacy and well-being.

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Random Allocation

Random allocation of participants to different interventions or control groups helps ensure fairness and minimize bias. It makes sure that the groups are similar in terms of important characteristics, making the results more reliable.

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Minimal Burden

Minimal burden means designing the study to be as easy and comfortable as possible for participants, without compromising the scientific integrity. This might involve minimizing assessments, keeping questionnaires short, and providing support for potential discomfort.

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Signposting

Signposting involves providing participants with information about where they can seek help or support if they experience distress or discomfort as a result of the research.

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Ethical Approval

Ethical approval is a crucial step in any research project involving human participants. It ensures that the study meets ethical standards and avoids potential harm to participants. The Ethics Committee's approval is required before any data collection can begin.

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Coercion in research

A research approach where participants are actively encouraged or incentivized to participate, potentially compromising their genuine willingness.

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Coercive recruitment poster

A research poster that uses alarming language, implying negative consequences for non-participation, potentially violating ethical guidelines.

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Sharing personal contact information

The practice of providing personal contact information (phone numbers, email addresses) on recruitment materials, potentially raising privacy concerns.

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Bribery in research

Offering inducements or incentives to participants, potentially compromising their voluntary participation and the study's ethical integrity.

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Voluntary participation

A fundamental ethical requirement in research, ensuring participants are fully informed about the study before making a decision to participate.

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Confidentiality in Research

In research, ensuring that participants' identities are protected and their personal information remains confidential throughout the research process.

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Risk Assessment Form

A formal document outlining potential risks associated with a research project, along with strategies to minimize those risks.

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General Data Protection Regulations (GDPR)

A legal framework in the UK that protects personal data, focusing on data collection, storage, and usage.

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Study Notes

Research Plan Overview

  • The lecture covers key methodological and ethical considerations for developing a research plan for SOHP503 Project studies.
  • A recording of the lecture is available via Panopto on the module DLE pages.
  • A one-time code is provided to register attendance.

Session Aims and Objectives

  • The session aims to provide an overview of planning a research project, considering ethical issues.
  • Revisit prior research work, focusing on the research project.
  • Outline key ethical principles.
  • Discuss methodological issues for project planning.
  • Promote discussions about ethical issues, applying them to individual projects.
  • Offer examples from previous projects.
  • Outline the structured overview for comprehensive project planning.
  • Detail definitions of project success.

Previous Work Review

  • The presenter wants students to reflect on their prior study topic, aim and any literature reviews.
  • Identify gaps in the current research.
  • Evaluate the relevance of the project idea.
  • Refine project questions using PICO or SPIDER frameworks.
  • Ensure that aims and objectives are revisited and refined.

Activity: Self-Reflection

  • Students are requested to write down their study topic.
  • Reflect on the comprehensive literature review and the status of prior work.
  • Identify gaps in the existing research.
  • Determine the project's fit within the research field.
  • Define a specific research question.
  • State research aims and objectives.

Research Plan Components

  • A clear research question, aims, and objectives are crucial.
  • A well-defined study approach and design is needed.
  • Identify the target population.
  • Recruit and collect data from participants.
  • Ensure data is stored correctly.
  • Analyze data meticulously.
  • Compose and share results.

Reasons for Project Failure

  • Poorly focused or undefined research questions.
  • Unrealistic timeframes for completing the project.
  • Inadequate plans to address project tasks.
  • Poor team communication.

Research Project Details

  • The research question, aims, and objectives must be clearly defined.
  • The target population needs to be specified, along with inclusion/exclusion criteria.
  • The study design, recruitment process, data collection methods, data storage, analysis, interpretation and reporting need to be detailed.
  • Justifications for research choices are necessary.

Ethical Considerations

  • Ethical principles in research include respect for persons, non-maleficence, beneficence, and justice.
  • Recognition of individual dignity and autonomy is vital.
  • Research should do no harm.
  • Interventions must provide potential benefit.
  • Fair participation and distribution of burdens and benefits must be addressed.

Ethical Principles in Research Examples

  • Informed consent: Participants must understand and voluntarily agree to participate in the research.
  • Non-maleficence: Interventions do not cause harm.
  • Beneficence: Interventions provide potential benefit to participants.
  • Justice: Fair chance to participate in research, accounting for various factors.

Project Ethics Approval

  • Any study involving human participants must have ethical approval from an Ethics Committee.
  • The participant information sheet, consent forms, and recruitment methods must be approved.

Participant Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria

  • Define participants based on specific criteria for inclusion and exclusion in the study.
  • Specify any relevant medical conditions or limitations that might allow or deny participation.
  • Determine the sample size needed for the study, and the method of recruitment.

Data Collection and Safety

  • A protocol for data collection is needed.
  • A plan for data collection timing, method, and participants must be written in advance.
  • Address data confidentiality, coding, unique identifiers, and storage procedures.
  • A risk assessment form should be included to minimise potential risks.

Data Analysis

  • The analysis plan must align with the research aims and objectives.
  • Describe the statistical methods or analytical procedures will be employed.
  • Justify the chosen methods by referring to their suitability.

Timeline Planning

  • A Gantt chart can be used to visualize the project timeline and allocate tasks and deadlines.

Definition of Project Success

  • Design a study to answer the research questions.
  • Obtain ethics approval, adhering to the protocol.
  • Recruit participants, adhering to target numbers.
  • Collect complete and valid data.
  • Use appropriate analytics to achieve detailed analysis.
  • Generate clear summaries in understandable language.
  • Meet submission deadlines and academic standards.
  • Aim for dissemination of work through possible conferences or publications.

Dissemination of Results

  • Methods for sharing findings, such as conference presentations and publications.

Additional Information

  • The slides mentioned the use of the discussion board for further questions and clarifications about the topics.

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Related Documents

Developing Your Research Plan (SoHP503 Project, 2025) PDF

Description

Test your understanding of essential research ethics and objectives in this quiz. Explore various aspects like ethical principles, recruitment strategies, and the importance of literature searches. Perfect for students and researchers aiming to enhance their skills in conducting responsible research.

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