Practical Research 1: Literature Review

Learning From Others and Reviewing the Literature

• Practical Research 1, Quarter 2

• Content Standard: Learners demonstrate understanding of citing and synthesizing related literature, and ethical standards in writing related literature.

• Performance Standard: Learners can select, cite, and synthesize related literature; use sources according to ethical standards; and present a written review of related literature.

• Review of Related Literature and Study

• What I Know: Pre-test

• Activity 1: Keeping track and writing down research title and formulated research questions to know your craft

• Question: Finding related studies to formulate the research title and questions

• What is Literature Review?

  • An academic text that provides an overview of a topic.
  • Helps identify what's known and unknown about a subject of study.
  • Involves synthesizing multiple scholarly works.
  • Provides an overview of what has been written about a particular topic.

• Functions of Literature Review:

  • Establishes the study's relevance.
  • Helps establish the research gap the study aims to fill.
  • Provides information about the topic and related concepts.
  • Presents contradictions among previous literature.
  • Justifies the research methodology.
  • Presents and discusses the theoretical frameworks, which are the backbone of the study

• How to Select Relevant Literature:

  • Use the 4Wh+1H questions from Lee et al.
    • Who: Look for author's name, affiliations, background, field of expertise, and credibility (student, professor, researcher, or book writer). Check their institution.
    • Who published the material: Is the publisher a legitimate publication? Check their policies and guidelines, avoid predatory journals (website exists).
    • Who are the experts cited: Check if the paper cited primary sources (preferred) over secondary sources and references relevant experts in the field.
    • What was said about the topic: Get the gist by reading the abstract - is the literature relevant to the present work? Check if author's claims agree or disagree with others. Use concept maps/graphic organizers to compare and contrast works.
    • What's the mode of the material: Is this a book, blog, journal, e-journal, periodical, or internet article? Be careful of editable online materials; only use indexed and refereed journal publications.
    • When was the material published: Research books often suggest within the last five to ten years; however, this isn't always the case (Lee et al., 2014).
    • Where was the material published?: Needed for reference citation.

• Where to Place Materials: Literature isn’t limited to Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature; it can be included throughout (introduction, framework, data commentary etc.)

• Why is the material necessary?

  • Discern if sources are highly relevant to current work.
  • Use research variables as key terms for locating sources; be aware of potential overload of online materials.

• How will the material affect the discussion?

  • Too much citation of authorities can dilute your voice.
  • Balance other people's work with your contribution; avoid frequent citation of single authors.

• Summarize

  • Who? Author's affiliation
  • What? Conceptualize source similarity or difference
  • When? Publication date
  • Where? Publication location
  • Why? Relevance of the source to the study
  • How? Let your voice be heard in your actual paper

• Characteristics of a Good Literature Review:

  • Materials should be as recent as possible.
  • Materials should be objective and unbiased.
  • Materials should be relevant to the study.
  • There should be adequate, but not excessive, materials.

• Performance Tasks

  • Paper Trail
  • Electronic Trail
  • Human Trail

• Rubrics (for evaluation)

• Research Paper Assignment Directions:

  • Select two out of three sources.
  • Determine if the source is credible and justify your answer.
  • Analyze sources (don't need to go online).
  • Write detailed answers on Manila paper.

• Different types of sources

  • Books
  • Magazines
  • Newspapers
  • Computers
  • Journals
  • Film/YouTube

Referencing Styles

• APA (American Psychological Association): Author/date based style; emphasis on author and date for clear identification.
• MLA (Modern Language Association): Primarily used in the arts and humanities, particularly in the USA.
• Harvard: Similar to APA, but used in the UK and Australia.
• Chicago and Turabian: Similar styles often used for history and economics.
• Essential Elements of Citation include
  • Author
  • Title
  • Publication Information (publisher, date, location, volume, issue, and page numbers)

Parts of Citation

• Citation References a source used in a paper
• Avoiding plagiarism; recognizing original authors' work
• Variation possible based on different referencing styles.

This quiz focuses on the principles of literature review in research, emphasizing the importance of citing and synthesizing relevant literature. Students will explore how to locate related studies and formulate research questions ethically and effectively. Understanding the role of literature reviews in academic writing is essential for conducting sound research.