Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is one primary purpose of making a research diagnosis?
What is one primary purpose of making a research diagnosis?
What type of measurement allows for an in-depth exploration of symptoms?
What type of measurement allows for an in-depth exploration of symptoms?
Which type of interview is described as the gold standard assessment?
Which type of interview is described as the gold standard assessment?
What is a potential disadvantage of using structured interviews?
What is a potential disadvantage of using structured interviews?
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Why is it important to measure outcomes of intervention?
Why is it important to measure outcomes of intervention?
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Which of the following is NOT a purpose of diagnostic measures in clinical practice?
Which of the following is NOT a purpose of diagnostic measures in clinical practice?
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What is a common feature of semi structured interviews?
What is a common feature of semi structured interviews?
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In terms of research diagnosis, what is necessary for effective epidemiology?
In terms of research diagnosis, what is necessary for effective epidemiology?
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Which statement accurately describes a discrete variable?
Which statement accurately describes a discrete variable?
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What differentiates a binary variable from other categorical variables?
What differentiates a binary variable from other categorical variables?
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How are mortality rates typically measured in studies?
How are mortality rates typically measured in studies?
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What is an example of a nominal categorical variable?
What is an example of a nominal categorical variable?
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Which measure is specifically designed to assess symptoms of depression?
Which measure is specifically designed to assess symptoms of depression?
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What type of variable is best suited to measure the severity of depressive symptoms?
What type of variable is best suited to measure the severity of depressive symptoms?
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Which type of variable divides a population based on quality without order?
Which type of variable divides a population based on quality without order?
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Which scale is most appropriate for evaluating general cognitive ability?
Which scale is most appropriate for evaluating general cognitive ability?
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When discussing rates of morbidity, mortality, or survival, what is typically highlighted?
When discussing rates of morbidity, mortality, or survival, what is typically highlighted?
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What does the COPE Inventory measure?
What does the COPE Inventory measure?
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Which statistical method is appropriate for analyzing binary outcomes?
Which statistical method is appropriate for analyzing binary outcomes?
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Which of the following measures can be used to assess personality traits relevant to mental health problems?
Which of the following measures can be used to assess personality traits relevant to mental health problems?
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Which statement is true regarding social functioning?
Which statement is true regarding social functioning?
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The Adult Attachment Interview is designed to assess which aspect of psychological functioning?
The Adult Attachment Interview is designed to assess which aspect of psychological functioning?
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Which scale is used to measure executive functioning specifically?
Which scale is used to measure executive functioning specifically?
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Which of the following scales is often rated by informants such as clinicians or relatives?
Which of the following scales is often rated by informants such as clinicians or relatives?
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What is one of the main objectives of the session?
What is one of the main objectives of the session?
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Which reading specifically discusses cultural considerations in outcome measures?
Which reading specifically discusses cultural considerations in outcome measures?
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What is a key focus when selecting measures for mental health research?
What is a key focus when selecting measures for mental health research?
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Which type of research study is mentioned in the context of using scales?
Which type of research study is mentioned in the context of using scales?
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What is a topic discussed in the reading about recruiting ethnic minorities?
What is a topic discussed in the reading about recruiting ethnic minorities?
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Which webpage provides a catalogue of mental health measures?
Which webpage provides a catalogue of mental health measures?
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What is one proposed quality criterion for health status questionnaires?
What is one proposed quality criterion for health status questionnaires?
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One of the readings addresses the inclusivity of mental health research. What does this focus on?
One of the readings addresses the inclusivity of mental health research. What does this focus on?
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What is one of the primary objectives of measurement selection in research?
What is one of the primary objectives of measurement selection in research?
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Which of the following is a tool mentioned for measuring outcomes in the study of Schizophrenia?
Which of the following is a tool mentioned for measuring outcomes in the study of Schizophrenia?
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What is a potential challenge when conducting research on diverse populations?
What is a potential challenge when conducting research on diverse populations?
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What is a consideration when choosing primary outcome measures for a clinical trial?
What is a consideration when choosing primary outcome measures for a clinical trial?
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What question should be considered regarding the responsiveness of a selected questionnaire?
What question should be considered regarding the responsiveness of a selected questionnaire?
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Which of the following is NOT a step in the proposed group task for the randomized controlled trial?
Which of the following is NOT a step in the proposed group task for the randomized controlled trial?
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During a pilot study of a questionnaire, which of the following should be examined?
During a pilot study of a questionnaire, which of the following should be examined?
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What is the purpose of conducting a pilot study for a questionnaire?
What is the purpose of conducting a pilot study for a questionnaire?
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What is a potential impediment to using a research tool that may affect its effectiveness?
What is a potential impediment to using a research tool that may affect its effectiveness?
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Which factor is considered most critical for a questionnaire's usability?
Which factor is considered most critical for a questionnaire's usability?
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What does cross-cultural validity refer to in the context of research instruments?
What does cross-cultural validity refer to in the context of research instruments?
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What is one of the processes necessary for validating an instrument in another culture?
What is one of the processes necessary for validating an instrument in another culture?
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Which characteristic of a questionnaire could make it unacceptable to respondents?
Which characteristic of a questionnaire could make it unacceptable to respondents?
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What is a crucial indicator of a questionnaire's effectiveness during its implementation?
What is a crucial indicator of a questionnaire's effectiveness during its implementation?
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What is necessary to ensure that an instrument is valid for the target population?
What is necessary to ensure that an instrument is valid for the target population?
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What challenge can arise when trying to establish cross-cultural validity in a city like London?
What challenge can arise when trying to establish cross-cultural validity in a city like London?
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Flashcards
Domains of Outcome Measurement in Mental Health
Domains of Outcome Measurement in Mental Health
The different aspects or areas of mental health that we measure in research.
Measurement Instruments in Mental Health Research
Measurement Instruments in Mental Health Research
Tools used in mental health research to collect data on various aspects of mental health.
Selecting a Measure for Mental Health Research
Selecting a Measure for Mental Health Research
Choosing the right measurement tool for a research study, considering factors like the study's goal, target population, and available resources.
Research Studies in Mental Health
Research Studies in Mental Health
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Describing Participants in Research Studies
Describing Participants in Research Studies
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Outcome Measures Recommended for Use in Adult Psychiatry
Outcome Measures Recommended for Use in Adult Psychiatry
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Catalogue of Mental Health Measures
Catalogue of Mental Health Measures
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Making Mental Health Research More Inclusive
Making Mental Health Research More Inclusive
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Measuring Outcomes of Intervention
Measuring Outcomes of Intervention
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Measuring Potential Aetiological Variables
Measuring Potential Aetiological Variables
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Charting Individual Progress and Assessing Needs
Charting Individual Progress and Assessing Needs
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Auditing or Evaluating Mental Health Services
Auditing or Evaluating Mental Health Services
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Assessing Needs within a Service
Assessing Needs within a Service
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Research Diagnosis
Research Diagnosis
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Structured Interview (Diagnostic)
Structured Interview (Diagnostic)
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Semi-Structured Interview (Diagnostic)
Semi-Structured Interview (Diagnostic)
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General Health Questionnaire (GHQ)
General Health Questionnaire (GHQ)
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Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS)
Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS)
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Disorder-Specific Measures (e.g., Beck Depression Inventory - BDI)
Disorder-Specific Measures (e.g., Beck Depression Inventory - BDI)
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Personality Measures
Personality Measures
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Coping Strategies and Cognitive Style Measures
Coping Strategies and Cognitive Style Measures
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Global Cognitive Functioning Measures
Global Cognitive Functioning Measures
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Specific Cognitive Functioning Measures
Specific Cognitive Functioning Measures
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Relationship and Attachment Measures
Relationship and Attachment Measures
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Discrete Variable
Discrete Variable
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Continuous Variable
Continuous Variable
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Categorical Variable
Categorical Variable
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Binary Variable
Binary Variable
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Ordered Categorical Variable
Ordered Categorical Variable
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Nominal Categorical Variable
Nominal Categorical Variable
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Rate
Rate
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Longitudinal Study
Longitudinal Study
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Cross-cultural validity
Cross-cultural validity
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Cross-cultural validation
Cross-cultural validation
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Instrument translation
Instrument translation
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Exploring language/items meaning
Exploring language/items meaning
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Exploring concept coverage
Exploring concept coverage
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Investigating psychometric properties
Investigating psychometric properties
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Piloting
Piloting
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Conducting research in a diverse environment
Conducting research in a diverse environment
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Responsiveness of a questionnaire
Responsiveness of a questionnaire
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Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)
Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)
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Psychosis Screening Questionnaire
Psychosis Screening Questionnaire
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Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
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Validity of a Questionnaire
Validity of a Questionnaire
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Reliability of a Questionnaire
Reliability of a Questionnaire
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Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)
Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)
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Psychotic Symptoms Rating Scale (PSYRATS)
Psychotic Symptoms Rating Scale (PSYRATS)
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Study Notes
Session 4: 4th Oct - pt1
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Measurement Instruments: The session covered choosing measures for mental health research, outcome measurement domains. The reading list included PSBS0002: Core Principles of Mental Health Research from University College London.
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Class Prep: Students were assigned readings on new trends in assessing mental health interventions, clinician confidence in using outcome measures across cultures, and overcoming barriers to recruiting ethnic minorities in mental health research. They also needed to review outcome measures for adult psychiatry, a catalogue of mental health measures, quality criteria for health status questionnaires, and strategies for making mental health research more inclusive.
What Do We Measure in Mental Health?
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Objectives: The session aimed to introduce key domains of mental health measurement and familiarize participants with the strengths and limitations of various measures.
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Selecting a Measure: The process involves formulating a clear research question, identifying relevant concepts, and selecting or developing appropriate measures for those concepts.
Which Contexts are Scales Used?
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Research Studies: Scales are used to describe participants, assess intervention outcomes, and measure potential contributing factors.
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Clinical Practice: Scales are used to track individual progress, assess needs, and evaluate services.
Types of Measures Used in Diagnosis
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Semi-structured Interviews: Allow in-depth exploration of symptoms and provide a narrative account from participants; gold standard but expensive and time-consuming.
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Structured Interviews: Often rely on self-reports or lay interviewers; useful because less training/time intensive.
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Symptom Measures: Include overall screening measures (e.g., GHQ), measures covering a range of psychiatric symptoms (e.g., BPRS), and those specific to certain disorders (e.g., BDI).
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Psychological Measures: Many assess personality traits, cognitive style, and other characteristics relevant to mental health problems.
Social Functioning and Disability
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Social Functioning: Involves daily living activities and social roles, from personal care to work. Disability is limitations on activities due to physical impairments.
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Scales: Social Functioning Questionnaires and Life Skills profiles are often used.
Quality of Life
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Objective Measures: Used in health economic analysis (e.g., EQ-5D), assess aspects like social functioning, pain, and anxiety.
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Subjective Measures: Assess individual satisfaction with various aspects of life (e.g., MANSA questionnaire).
Outcomes that Service Users Value
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Patient-Rated Outcome Measures (PROMS): These measures can capture the patient experience of mental health recovery.
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Well-being: Scales like the Warwick-Edinburgh Wellbeing Scale measure positive aspects of how people feel.
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Social Relations: Includes measures of social network size, supportive relationships, loneliness, and social capital.
Defining Data – Applied Statistics
- Epidemiology and Medical Statistics: Exposure/independent variable, outcome/dependent variable, explanatory/predictor variables, response variables.
Statistical Inference and Samples
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Statistical Inference: Using sample data to make inferences about a population.
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Sampling and Populations: Distincting between a sample and a population and considerations for sample variability.
Type of Data
- Variables and Categorical Variables: Identifying different types of data such as numerical or categorical as well as rates.
Summary
- Different kinds of outcome measures (numerical, binary) depending on the nature of outcome/variable being studied.
Measurement Instruments (Notes)
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Objectives: Review core principles of selecting measures, focusing on practical and psychometric aspects; apply these in questionnaire design and outline a plan for testing psychometric properties; evaluate challenges in conducting mental health research considering outcome measurement in various cultures.
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Prep Group Task: Design a randomized controlled trial to evaluate a new group CBT for schizophrenia symptoms, using several outcome measures such as PANSS, PSYRATS, and Psychosis Screening Questionnaire. Compare the tools and choose the best for the trial.
Will the Questionnaire Pick Up Changes?
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Responsiveness: Evaluate if the questionnaire detects changes over time and between groups; important from stakeholder perspectives.
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Precision: Evaluate if the questionnaire provides a useful range of scores; addresses issues such as floor and ceiling.
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Appropriateness: Assess whether the questionnaire is suitable for the intended study population and study question.
Questionnaire Feasibility?
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Feasibility: Evaluate factors such as time constraints, tool complexity, and access to training and resources when evaluating tool use in practice.
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Acceptability: Determines how appropriate the instrument is for a population based on elements such as language, stigma, and tone.
Cross-cultural Validity
- Cross-cultural validity: Explore if instruments work similarly across different cultures and considering issues such as translation and validation.
Processes to ensure Validity
- Translation/back translation to ensures meaning equivalence between languages
- Qualitative investigation on how cultural factors may affect the outcome variable, and the different levels of the instrument.
- Piloting the revised/translated tool across a diverse population.
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Description
This quiz evaluates your understanding of research diagnosis and its purpose in clinical practice. It covers various types of interviews, measurements, and the importance of outcomes in intervention. Test your knowledge on diagnostic measures and variables used in research and epidemiology.