Research Designs in Psychology

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following research designs will allow cause and effect conclusions?

  • Survey
  • Correlational
  • Experimental (correct)
  • Case Study

What does a negative correlation mean?

One variable decreases as the other increases.

What is longitudinal research?

Research that studies the same group of participants over time.

What is the belief that strange behavior is linked to the occurrence of a full moon an example of?

<p>Illusory correlation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does correlation mean?

<p>It means that there is a relationship between two or more variables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Krista and Tatiana Hogan are participants in an __________ of conjoined twins who are joined at the head.

<p>case study</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a theory?

<p>A well developed set of ideas that proposes an explanation for observed phenomena.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of research involved hiring experimental confederates to attend speed dating events and take notes on behaviors?

<p>Naturalistic observation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Learning strategy is the __________ & word retention is the __________ variable.

<p>independent; dependent</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reduction in the number of research participants as some drop out of the study over time called?

<p>Attrition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Research Designs

  • Experimental research design allows for conclusions about cause and effect relationships among variables.

Correlations

  • A negative correlation indicates that one variable decreases as the other increases.
  • Correlation signifies a relationship between two or more variables, which may not imply causation.

Longitudinal Studies

  • Longitudinal research involves studying the same group of participants over an extended time period to observe changes and developments.

Illusory Correlation

  • The belief that unusual behavior, such as strange actions, is linked to full moons exemplifies an illusory correlation, where perceived relationships are not statistically significant.

Case Studies

  • Krista and Tatiana Hogan, conjoined twins connected at the head, are subjects of a case study, allowing for an in-depth examination of unique circumstances.

Theories

  • A theory represents a well-developed set of ideas aiming to explain observed phenomena through coherent and interrelated concepts.

Naturalistic Observation

  • Research employing experimental confederates at speed dating events to observe dater behaviors is an example of naturalistic observation, focusing on real-world settings without manipulation.

Variables in Research

  • In a study, the independent variable is the learning strategy employed, while the dependent variable is word retention, reflecting the outcome of the learning strategy's effect.

Attrition

  • Attrition refers to the reduction in the number of research participants over time, often due to dropouts, which can impact the validity of study results.

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