Research Approaches and Designs
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of a literature review in a research study?

  • To test the research hypothesis
  • To select the research participants
  • To identify gaps in existing research (correct)
  • To collect data for the study

    • Which of the following is a characteristic of a quantitative research theory?

  • It is used to develop a typology
  • It is used to generate themes
  • It is used to explore a phenomenon
  • It is used to test causal claims (correct)

    • What is the primary focus of a mixed methods research approach?

  • To test a hypothesis through quantitative data
  • To develop a theory through qualitative data
  • To explore a phenomenon through qualitative data
  • To combine qualitative and quantitative data (correct)

    • What is the purpose of abstracting studies in a literature review?

    <p>To summarize the findings of the study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a criterion for selecting a research approach?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a theoretical perspective in a research study?

    <p>To provide an explanation for the research findings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a step in conducting a literature review?

    <p>Searching computerized databases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of defining terms in a research study?

    <p>To clarify the meaning of key concepts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influences the choice of approach in a research study?

    <p>The research problem or issue being studied, the personal experiences of the researcher, and the audience for whom the researcher writes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key distinction between a quantitative and a qualitative study?

    <p>The type of data collected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of a qualitative study?

    <p>Data is collected through interviews or observations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea of Cherryholmes's version of pragmatism?

    <p>Pragmatism is driven by anticipated consequences, reluctance to tell a true story, and the idea that there is an external world independent of our minds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of Crotty's framework for social research?

    <p>Tying together epistemological issues, theoretical perspectives, methodology, and methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the writing exercise that asks you to identify a research question in a journal article?

    <p>To discuss what approach would be best to study the question and why</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a mixed methods study and a single-method study?

    <p>The use of both quantitative and qualitative methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using the four combinations of worldviews, designs, and research methods in Figure 1.1?

    <p>To guide the development of a research project</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of phenomenological research?

    <p>To describe the lived experiences of individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which research design primarily derives theory based on participant views?

    <p>Grounded theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of an ethnographic study?

    <p>It studies shared patterns within a cultural group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common method of data collection in case studies?

    <p>Detailed, varied data collection over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which philosophical background is primarily associated with grounded theory?

    <p>Sociology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In phenomenological research, what is the outcome of describing experiences?

    <p>The essence of the participants' experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which research design is narrative chronology often used?

    <p>Phenomenology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What methods are often used in ethnographic research?

    <p>Interviews and observations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the relationship between research approaches, designs, and methods?

    <p>They represent different perspectives of research from broad to narrow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors should inform the decision on which research approach to use?

    <p>Philosophical assumptions of the researcher.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about qualitative and quantitative approaches is correct?

    <p>They should be viewed as ends on a continuum of research approaches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial focus when embarking on a research study?

    <p>Establishing good writing and ethical practices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach combines elements of both qualitative and quantitative methods?

    <p>Mixed methods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key consideration when reviewing literature for a proposed study?

    <p>To position the study within the existing literature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When selecting a research approach, what aspect related to the research problem is important?

    <p>The nature of the research problem or issue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way can qualitative and quantitative approaches influence research outcomes?

    <p>They provide different perspectives and insights into the study.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why some researchers prefer quantitative research?

    <p>Quantitative research is more widely accepted and familiar.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an advantage of using qualitative research methods?

    <p>Qualitative research allows for a deeper understanding of complex phenomena.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential challenge for researchers using qualitative methods?

    <p>Qualitative research is often criticized for being unscientific.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of a mixed methods researcher?

    <p>A mixed methods researcher is comfortable with both quantitative and qualitative research.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor to consider when choosing a research approach?

    <p>The specific research question being addressed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a reason why a researcher might choose a mixed methods approach?

    <p>To strengthen the validity and reliability of research findings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of considering the audience when planning a research project?

    <p>The audience's expectations can influence the research design.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main takeaway regarding the choice of research approach?

    <p>The choice of approach should be based on a combination of factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Research Approaches

    • Research approaches are plans and procedures for research that span from broad assumptions to detailed methods of data collection, analysis, and interpretation.
    • Three key terms in research: research approaches, research designs, and research methods.

    The Three Approaches to Research

    • Three research approaches: (a) qualitative, (b) quantitative, and (c) mixed methods.
    • Qualitative and quantitative approaches are not discrete and should not be viewed as rigid, distinct categories, or dichotomies.
    • Research approaches represent different ends on a continuum.

    Research Designs

    • Phenomenological research: describes lived experiences of individuals about a phenomenon as described by participants.
    • Grounded theory: derives a general, abstract theory of a process, action, or interaction grounded in the views of participants.
    • Ethnography: studies shared patterns of behaviors, language, and actions of an intact cultural group in a natural setting over a prolonged period.
    • Case studies: develops an in-depth analysis of a case, often a program, event, activity, process, or one or more individuals.

    Criteria for Selecting a Research Approach

    • Research problem or issue being addressed
    • Researchers' personal experiences
    • Audience for the study

    The Role of Theory in Research

    • Quantitative theory use: testing causal claims, defining a theory, forms of theories, and writing a theoretical perspective.
    • Qualitative theory use: variation in theory use, definition of a theory, and writing a theoretical perspective.

    Review of the Literature

    • The literature review: uses the literature to position the proposed study within the existing literature.
    • Steps in conducting a literature review: searching computerized databases, prioritizing literature material, and abstracting studies.

    Writing Exercises

    • Identify a research question and discuss the best approach to study it and why.
    • Take a topic and discuss a project that brings together a worldview, designs, and methods, identifying whether it is quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods research.

    Additional Readings

    • Cherryholmes (1992): discusses pragmatism as a contrasting perspective from scientific realism.
    • Crotty (1998): offers a useful framework for tying together epistemological issues, theoretical perspectives, methodology, and methods of social research.

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    Related Documents

    Research Design Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods 2018 Approaches PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers different research approaches, including quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods designs. It also touches on criteria for selecting a research approach and the importance of considering the research problem, personal experiences, and audience.

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