Designing Social Inquiry: Research Methods

<p>The ability of the researcher to demonstrate evidence. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rules of social science methods and rules of inference help determine if an approach is better. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are often based on personal reasons, however, it's not sufficient for a successful research. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can be a useful motivation for a scholar's research. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The amount of money allocated for research. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cross-national variation in political institutions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Economic privation globally similar to the 1930s (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It must be evaluated empirically (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Locate the research design within existing literature (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Africa and Latin America (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It fails to add to understanding of issues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Empirical research tools (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Researching important hypotheses yet to be systematically studied (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The exact method by which the sample was drawn (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The precise rules for case selection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Worries about someone stealing their work (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assessing the balance of military forces between attacker and defender. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By gathering data from multiple observable implications (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It enhances visibility and reputation in the field (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It overlooks instances where threats have been ineffective. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Testing a different theory with similar motivational assumptions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It should be modified or abandoned. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Collecting data on diverse observable implications (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Method used and all necessary information (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tactics of organized-crime families competing for turf. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both forms of research can contribute to real-world problems and scientific literature. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recording additional dependent variables (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Military power can deter threats rather than accentuate them. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Familiarity with existing evidence on the topic. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Analysis of decisions to initiate conflict following threats. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A significant real-world problem to be addressed. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A theory ignores conflicting evidence. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Non-cooperative game theory in industrial organization. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It excludes data on broader deterrent strategies. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They should engage with it to refine their question. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It lacks potential for valid inference. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To both solve real-world problems and advance scientific literature. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It frequently fails to report uncertainty in inferences. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When the interviewer has studied the respondent's background. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Estimates of uncertainty in their inferences. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Generalize from particular cases to the broader population. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By wagering their own money at particular odds. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They should remain skeptical and consider rival hypotheses. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sources of error may vary between the two methodologies. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reliable inferences become difficult to achieve. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The study of human behavior and society using systematic methods.

A structured and organized approach to investigate a research question.

The specific area or subject that a researcher chooses to investigate.

Subjective factors, such as personal experiences, values, or interests, that can influence a researcher's choice of research topic.

A set of procedures and rules used to gather evidence and analyze data in a systematic and objective manner.

The scholarly community, including academics, experts, and peers, that collectively evaluate and assess scientific research.

The demonstration of a research claim through rigorous analysis and evidence.

The value or significance of a research contribution to the existing body of knowledge.

A research question is considered important when addressing a significant issue and has the potential to advance our understanding of a phenomenon.

Research that contributes to knowledge must be grounded in existing research, ensuring it builds upon prior work.

Research that builds upon existing knowledge should be conducted systematically and with a clear design.

A research question should be chosen based on its significance in the field and its potential to contribute new knowledge.

A systematic research design helps ensure the investigation is well-structured and minimizes the risk of duplication.

A research question should be chosen based on its significance in the field and its potential to contribute new knowledge.

Investigating a hypothesis that is widely regarded as important, but lacks a thorough systematic study, is a valuable contribution to the field.

Research that addresses a research question seen as important by scholars but lacks systematic study can make a valuable contribution.

A reasoned and precise speculation about the answer to a research question, including a statement about why the proposed answer is correct. Theories often imply more specific descriptive or causal hypotheses.

A hypothesis derived from a theory, stating a specific relationship between concepts. It can be tested through data analysis.

The process of drawing conclusions about a population based on a sample of data. It involves understanding how much our findings apply to the wider group.

A research design that aims to understand and explain the causes and effects of a specific phenomenon. It seeks to establish causal relationships between variables.

A proposed idea or topic that is refined and tested through research. It should be specific and address a real-world problem.

The alignment of research questions with relevant existing knowledge about a topic.

The process of refining a research topic or question to ensure it can be addressed effectively using available tools and methods.

Research aimed at understanding general principles and theories within a field of study.

The process of how data is gathered and collected, which is essential for understanding the validity of any analysis or inferences.

Inferences drawn from data are only as valid as the method used to collect it. Knowing the data generation process allows for accurate interpretation.

Collecting data from a diverse range of situations to test a theory's predictions. This strengthens the theory and increases confidence in the results.

Gathering data on multiple aspects that a theory predicts, increasing the evidence supporting the theory.

When testing a theory, breaking down the data into smaller time periods or smaller geographic areas to see if the theory holds across different scales.

Adding more observations about the same outcome variable to strengthen the theory.

Introducing new variables or outcomes related to a theory, increasing the complexity of the analysis and its potential for explanation.

Evaluating theories by seeing how they hold up across various contexts and measurements. Strong theories survive multiple tests.

Collecting information on dependent variables less directly related to the main hypothesis but still relevant to the theory being tested.

Assessing whether observed outcomes match the predictions of a theoretical model.

The assumption that individuals or states make decisions based on a rational calculation of costs and benefits.

The most direct way to test a theory by observing whether the predicted relationship exists between key variables.

The possibility of excluding relevant data from a study, potentially biasing the results.

Utilizing different theories with similar underlying assumptions to investigate a phenomenon from various perspectives.

A controlled experiment where participants are placed in a simulated environment to study their behavior under specific conditions.

Examining how real-world actors, such as businesses or criminal organizations, use deterrence strategies.

All social science research is subject to uncertainty. This implies that even with the best methods, we can never be absolutely certain about our findings.

It's crucial to provide an estimate of how confident we are in our conclusions based on the evidence we have. This helps readers understand the limitations of our research.

In qualitative research, the researcher relies heavily on subjective interpretation of data. This can lead to biases and errors in measurement, potentially affecting the accuracy of the findings.

In quantitative research, the researcher often relies on statistical analysis of data. This can also be prone to errors, especially if the data is not representative or the analysis methods are flawed.

A good social scientist approaches research with a critical mind, questioning their own assumptions and looking for alternative explanations for their findings. This helps to avoid confirmation bias and ensure that the research is rigorous and unbiased.

Rival hypotheses are alternative explanations for the same phenomenon. Identifying and considering these rival explanations helps to strengthen the research by demonstrating that the researcher has thoroughly explored other possibilities.

Good social scientists always seek to identify and address alternative explanations for their findings. This ensures that their research is robust and credible.

A good social scientist avoids hastily jumping to conclusions and instead systematically evaluates evidence and considers alternative explanations. This ensures that the research is rigorous and sound.