Reproductive Disorders Assessment in Dogs

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What is the most common cause of infertility in dogs?

Poor timing (correct)

Hormonal imbalances

Reproductive disorders

Genetic mutations

Why should the brood bitch be examined for both general and reproductive health prior to an infertility exam?

To determine the hormonal imbalances

To reveal factors contributing to infertility or suitability for breeding (correct)

To assess genetic mutations

To identify familial fertility problems

Why is it important to collect information about the patient's past estrous cycles?

To determine the age at first estrous cycle

To assess the patient's general health history

To identify familial fertility problems (correct)

To track the patient's hormonal imbalances

What is responsible for ovulation in the bitch?

LH surge Signup and view all the answers

What can be used to predict the LH surge in the bitch?

Serial P4 concentration assays Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended frequency for checking P4 concentration?

Every other day, excluding weekends Signup and view all the answers

When is the fertile period identified in relation to ovulation in the bitch?

2-4 days after ovulation Signup and view all the answers

What stage are the released ova during ovulation in the bitch?

Fertilizable secondary oocyte Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of obtaining the progesterone and vaginal cytologic analysis results from previous estrous cycles?

To monitor the hormonal influences on the vaginal mucosa Signup and view all the answers

What area for improvement in breeding management may be revealed by information on previous estrous cycles?

The success rate of specific sires Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of vaginoscopy in monitoring the estrous cycle?

To aid in identifying anomalies such as abnormal vulvar conformation Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the vaginal mucosa during proestrus?

Thickened, rounded, and moist plicae Signup and view all the answers

What should be interpreted as an abnormal finding when performing microbial culture from vaginal swab samples?

Overgrowth of one particular bacterial species over the others Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a double-guarded swab during vaginal swab sample collection?

To prevent contamination of the sample Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic appearance of parabasal cells on vaginal cytologic evaluation?

Small, round, with large heterochromatic nuclei Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of vaginal cytologic findings in estrus?

≥ 90% cornified vaginal epithelial cells Signup and view all the answers

What does a metestrum cell indicate during vaginal cytologic evaluation?

Presence of neutrophils in cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the vaginal cytologic findings during early proestrus?

Presence of RBCs, parabasal, and small intermediate cells Signup and view all the answers

What technique is used to roll the vaginal swab onto a slide during cytologic evaluation?

Moistened cotton-tipped applicator Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of evaluating the mammary glands during a reproductive examination?

To check for any masses or irregularities Signup and view all the answers