30 Questions
What percentage of women with preeclampsia develop eclampsia?
8%
What is the most common form of cancer in women?
Breast cancer
What is the lifetime risk of developing breast cancer for women?
13%
Which genetic mutations are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer?
BRCA1 and BRCA2
What is the recommended frequency for mammogram screening according to the American College of Radiology?
$40$ yoa, annually
Which symptom is a common sign of breast cancer?
$\text{Persistent lump/thickening}$
Which demographic group has the highest incidence of breast cancer after the age of 40?
Black women
What is the most common cause of cancer-related death in Hispanic women?
Breast cancer
What percentage of breast cancer cases have no family history?
85%
Which imaging technique is commonly used for breast cancer diagnosis?
Mammogram
Which hormone triggers ovulation and conversion of follicle to corpus luteum?
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
What is the primary function of estrogen in the menstrual cycle?
Prepares endometrium for egg
What is the effect of oral contraceptives on the risk of endometrial cancer?
Decrease risk by 50%
Which condition is characterized by periodic hemorrhage of ectopic tissue, peritoneal irritation, and adhesion formation?
Endometriosis
What is the primary treatment for ovarian cysts larger than 5cm?
$Surgery$
What are the risk factors associated with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)?
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD)
What are the symptoms associated with Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)?
All of the above
What are the types of menstrual disorders mentioned in the text?
All of the above
What are the common complications of pregnancy mentioned in the text?
Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia
What are some effects of menopause mentioned in the text?
Systemic effects such as osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD)
What is the primary cause of visual changes during pregnancy?
Hormonal changes
Which condition is characterized by premature separation of the placenta?
Placental abruption
What is the most common treatment for preeclampsia and eclampsia?
Bed rest
What is the primary risk associated with placenta previa during labor and delivery?
Risk of bleeding
What are uterine leiomyomas commonly known as?
Fibroids
What is a common symptom of menopause?
Hot flashes
What physiological change occurs during pregnancy?
Decreased corneal sensitivity and curvature
What are characteristics of molar pregnancy?
Abnormal placenta and fetal development
What are symptoms associated with ectopic pregnancies?
Abdominal pain and abnormal vaginal bleeding
What are common treatments for menopausal symptoms?
Medication
Study Notes
Common Gynecological and Pregnancy-Related Conditions
- Uterine leiomyomas, also known as fibroids, affect around 20% of women over 35, with a higher prevalence in Black women.
- Menopause is characterized by the cessation of the menstrual cycle after the age of 40, with symptoms such as hot flashes, emotional changes, and anatomical alterations.
- Hormone replacement therapy and healthy living practices are common treatments for menopausal symptoms and postmenopausal health.
- Pregnancy induces hormonal and physiological changes, such as increased blood volume and altered nutritional requirements.
- Breastfeeding provides benefits for both children and mothers, reducing the risk of various health conditions.
- Visual changes during pregnancy include decreased corneal sensitivity and curvature, and increased tear production.
- Ectopic pregnancies, where a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, can lead to symptoms like abdominal pain and abnormal vaginal bleeding.
- Molar pregnancy, occurring in 1 in 1200 pregnancies, leads to abnormal placenta and fetal development.
- Placental abruption, characterized by premature separation of the placenta, can result in pain, vaginal bleeding, and pre-term birth.
- Placenta previa, the growth of the placenta over the cervical opening, increases the risk of bleeding during labor and delivery.
- Preeclampsia, a pregnancy-induced condition, is associated with hypertension, proteinuria, and ocular manifestations.
- Treatment and prevention of preeclampsia and eclampsia involve delivery, bed rest, and hypertension management.
Test your knowledge of female reproductive disorders with this quiz based on a lecture by WIL MCGRIFF, MPH, OD and CHRISTOPHER WALKEN, OD, FAAO. Learn about menstrual disorders, pregnancy changes, menopausal effects, and the epidemiology and pathology of breast, cervical, and ovarian cancer.
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