Renewable vs Non-Renewable Energy

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is considered a renewable energy source?

Wind (correct)

Coal

Natural gas

Nuclear

What does the rated capacity of a power plant refer to?

Maximum amount of power produced at one time (correct)

Average power production over time

Total energy produced in a year

Power used by consumers

Which statement accurately describes the capacity factor?

Measures the cost of energy generation

Is the amount of energy used by consumers

Indicates the reliability of energy generation (correct)

Always equals 100%

What is the primary function of transmission substations in an energy production system?

To serve as nodes for managing electrical distribution Signup and view all the answers

Load factor is defined as the ratio of what?

Average demand to peak demand Signup and view all the answers

Which of these groups typically has the most constant electricity usage?

Industrial Signup and view all the answers

What type of energy is the largest renewable source?

Hydro Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT typically found in a transmission substation?

Boilers Signup and view all the answers

What type of plants are primarily designed to meet the fundamental demand requirements?

Baseload plants Signup and view all the answers

Which formula represents the heat rate of a generating unit?

Energy input [BTU] / Energy Output [kWh] Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following technologies was applied in the first AC system in Great Barrington?

Transformers Signup and view all the answers

What is a peaking plant primarily designed to do?

Address short-term demand requirements Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'capacity credit' refer to in the context of power plants?

The fraction of rated capacity available during peak demand Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following energy sources is the largest for power generation?

Coal Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the primary components of the first electric power system established in 1882?

Steam engines Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the electric power system?

Transportation Signup and view all the answers

What is a key advantage of HVDC systems over HVAC systems?

Suitable for very long distances and submarine conditions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a disadvantage of HVDC systems?

Higher equipment cost and limited to point-to-point applications Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of HVAC transmission systems?

Multiple voltage levels can be implemented Signup and view all the answers

In which situation are HVDC systems particularly utilized?

Submarine power connections Signup and view all the answers

What is a requirement when using HVAC systems for transmission?

Higher right-of-way requirement than HVDC Signup and view all the answers

Which material is commonly used for transmission lines?

Aluminum conductor, Steel-Reinforced (ACSR) type wires Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of ground or shield wires in transmission lines?

For lightning protection Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Universal Charge (UC)?

Taxation of high-income consumers Signup and view all the answers

What financial support does the FIT-ALL program specifically provide for?

Renewable energy generators Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation associated with using HVAC systems at high voltage?

Need for more insulation and clearances for the same RMS voltage Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary voltage level used in distribution systems?

13.2 kV Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a characteristic of a distribution system?

Consists of wires and associated facilities Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Energy Trilemma?

To manage energy security, equity, and sustainability Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of distribution utilities?

Managing the performance of devices Signup and view all the answers

What does EPIRA stand for?

Electric Power Industry Reform Act Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary goals of a smart grid?

Enhance reliability and efficiency Signup and view all the answers

What was the role of Meralco historically in Manila's electricity supply?

Controlling generation, transmission, and distribution Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about off-grid areas is correct?

They are supplied by NPC SPUG and private sector. Signup and view all the answers

What framework was established by the creation of the ERC?

Quasi-judicial body and energy regulator Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant outcome of EPIRA for consumers?

Allowed consumers to choose their electricity supplier Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the Electrification Administration established in 1960?

To declare total electrification as a national policy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the term 'Reliability' in distribution systems?

Ensuring minimal service disruption after disturbances Signup and view all the answers

What type of voltage is used for secondary distribution feeders?

240 V Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Leyte-Luzon HVDC interconnection in 1998?

It enhanced connectivity between major islands. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Types of Power Plants

Renewable energy sources include solar, wind, hydro (largest), geothermal, biomass, and ocean energy.
Non-renewable energy sources consist of coal, oil, natural gas, and nuclear energy.

Energy Utilization

Electrical energy can be converted into light, heat, kinetic, potential, chemical, and electromagnetic radiation.
Customers can be categorized into residential, industrial, commercial, agricultural, and transport sectors.

Rated Capacity vs. Energy Generation

Rated Capacity is the maximum power output of a power plant, measured in megawatts (MW).
Energy Generation refers to the total energy produced by a power plant, expressed in megawatt-hours (MWh).

Capacity Factor and Load Factor

Capacity Factor is the ratio of actual energy generation to the theoretical maximum generation.
A Capacity Factor of 0% indicates no energy generation.
Load Factor measures the average demand compared to peak demand.

Transmission Substations

Transmission substations function as nodes in the electric power system (EPS).
Key components include switches, circuit breakers, transformers, reactors, capacitors, SCADA, and metering devices.
Substation capacity is measured in apparent power (MVA).

Subtransmission and Interconnections

Interconnections involve connecting different EPS or grids, either via high voltage alternating current (HVAC) or high voltage direct current (HVDC).

Transmission System: HVDC vs. HVAC

HVDC advantages: cost-effective for long distances, steady voltage levels, higher power capacity, reduced right-of-way requirements.
HVAC advantages: flexibility in voltage levels, easier fault current management, better existing infrastructure compatibility.

Transmission Lines

Transmission lines use aluminum conductor steel reinforced (ACSR) wires, placed on high lattice towers for stability.
Common voltages include 138 kV, 230 kV, and 500 kV; higher voltages facilitate longer distances.

Distribution System

Distribution involves providing electrical energy from transmission networks to end-users, ensuring safety, reliability, and minimal losses.
Primary distribution voltages range from 13.2 kV to 34.5 kV, while secondary distribution voltages are typically 220 V to 240 V.

Future Electric Power System (EPS)

Future EPS focuses on improving generation technologies, including carbon capture and new nuclear designs.
Trends include energy storage systems and the development of smart grids for reliability.

Philippine Electric Power System (EPS) History

1882: Pearl Street Station in NYC, the first EPS.
1936: National Power Corporation (NPC) established for hydroelectric development.
1977: Department of Energy (DOE) was created.
2001: Electric Power Industry Reform Act (EPIRA) introduced competition in the generation sector.

Key Regulatory Bodies and Terms

ERC: Energy Regulatory Commission regulates energy policies.
NGCP: National Grid Corporation of the Philippines, responsible for transmission.
WESM: Wholesale Electricity Spot Market introduces competition in generation.
IPP: Independent Power Producers can build power plants under legislation.
RCOA: Retail Competition and Open Access allows consumers to select electricity suppliers.

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Description

This quiz covers various types of power plants, focusing on renewable energy sources like hydro, solar, wind, geothermal, and biomass. It also discusses non-renewable sources such as coal, oil, natural gas, and nuclear power. Understand the differences in utilization and impact on consumers.