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Questions and Answers
The kidneys are responsible for producing, storing, and eliminating urine.
The kidneys are responsible for producing, storing, and eliminating urine.
False
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) results from a failure of the body to remove waste over time.
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) results from a failure of the body to remove waste over time.
False
Glomerular Disorders affect the kidneys' ability to regulate blood pressure.
Glomerular Disorders affect the kidneys' ability to regulate blood pressure.
False
End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) is a type of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD).
End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) is a type of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD).
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The urinary tract is comprised of the liver, kidneys, and urethra.
The urinary tract is comprised of the liver, kidneys, and urethra.
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Proteinuria is a characteristic of Nephritic syndrome.
Proteinuria is a characteristic of Nephritic syndrome.
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Postinfectious and systemic diseases are etiologies of Glomerulonephritis.
Postinfectious and systemic diseases are etiologies of Glomerulonephritis.
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A 24-hour Urine Test is the gold standard for diagnosing kidney disease.
A 24-hour Urine Test is the gold standard for diagnosing kidney disease.
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Uncontrolled hypertension is a risk factor for Diabetic Nephropathy.
Uncontrolled hypertension is a risk factor for Diabetic Nephropathy.
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ACE inhibitors are used to control blood cholesterol levels.
ACE inhibitors are used to control blood cholesterol levels.
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Diabetic Nephropathy is the leading cause of End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD).
Diabetic Nephropathy is the leading cause of End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD).
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Match the following conditions with their characteristic manifestations:
Match the following conditions with their characteristic manifestations:
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Match the following etiologies with the corresponding disease:
Match the following etiologies with the corresponding disease:
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Match the following diagnostic tests with their purpose:
Match the following diagnostic tests with their purpose:
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Match the following risk factors with the corresponding disease:
Match the following risk factors with the corresponding disease:
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Match the following medications with their purpose:
Match the following medications with their purpose:
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Match the following populations with the increased prevalence of Diabetic Nephropathy:
Match the following populations with the increased prevalence of Diabetic Nephropathy:
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Match the following kidney disorders with their descriptions:
Match the following kidney disorders with their descriptions:
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Match the following body functions with the way they are impacted by kidney disorders:
Match the following body functions with the way they are impacted by kidney disorders:
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Match the following kidney disorders with their effects on the body:
Match the following kidney disorders with their effects on the body:
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Match the following components of the urinary tract with their functions:
Match the following components of the urinary tract with their functions:
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Match the following kidney disorders with their characteristics:
Match the following kidney disorders with their characteristics:
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Study Notes
Urinary Tract Function
- Produces, stores, and eliminates urine
- Composed of bladder, two kidneys, two ureters, and the urethra
- Kidneys responsible for homeostasis via urine production and elimination
- Body functions impacted: BP, electrolyte and acid-base balance, RBC production, and bone health
Kidney Disorders
- Acute Kidney Injury (AKI): rapid decrease in kidney function
- Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): loss of kidney function over time
- End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD): occurs if CKD is not treated, resulting in the body's failure to remove waste
Glomerular Disorders
- Attack tiny filters in the kidneys, called glomeruli, where blood is cleaned
- Damaged glomeruli can allow proteins and sometimes red blood cells to leak into urine
- Albumin Glomerulonephritis (GN): inflammation of glomeruli and capillaries, primary cause of AKI and CKD
Glomerulonephritis (GN)
- Etiology and pathogenesis: postinfectious, systemic disease, toxin exposure, thrombosis, genetic
- Clinical manifestations: proteinuria, hematuria, edema
- Diagnosis: 24-hour urine test, kidney biopsy (gold standard)
- Treatment: blood pressure control with ACE inhibitors, blood cholesterol control with statins, immunosuppression as needed
Diabetic Nephropathy
- Leading cause of ESRD due to proteinuria and hyperfiltration
- Risk factors: poor glycemic control, uncontrolled hypertension, obesity, smoking, genetic factors, race
- More prevalent in African American, Hispanic, American Indian, and Asian individuals
- Clinical manifestations: albuminuria, hyperfiltration, hypertension
- Diagnosis: diabetes, hypertension, and albuminuria
- Treatment: maintain BP, manage diabetes and hypertension
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of kidney function, including the urinary tract system, homeostasis, and body functions impacted by kidney disorders. It also introduces concepts related to kidney disorders, such as Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) and Chronic Kidney Disease.
