22 Questions
The kidneys are responsible for producing, storing, and eliminating urine.
False
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) results from a failure of the body to remove waste over time.
False
Glomerular Disorders affect the kidneys' ability to regulate blood pressure.
False
End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) is a type of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD).
True
The urinary tract is comprised of the liver, kidneys, and urethra.
False
Proteinuria is a characteristic of Nephritic syndrome.
True
Postinfectious and systemic diseases are etiologies of Glomerulonephritis.
True
A 24-hour Urine Test is the gold standard for diagnosing kidney disease.
False
Uncontrolled hypertension is a risk factor for Diabetic Nephropathy.
True
ACE inhibitors are used to control blood cholesterol levels.
False
Diabetic Nephropathy is the leading cause of End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD).
True
Match the following conditions with their characteristic manifestations:
Nephropic syndrome = Proteinuria Nephritic syndrome = Hematuria Diabetic Nephropathy = Albuminuria Glomerulonephritis = Edema
Match the following etiologies with the corresponding disease:
Postinfectious and systemic diseases = Glomerulonephritis Hyperglycemia = Diabetic Nephropathy Thrombosis = Acute Kidney Injury Genetic factors = Glomerular Disorders
Match the following diagnostic tests with their purpose:
24-hour Urine Test = Measuring protein levels in urine Kidney Biopsy = Confirming diagnosis of kidney disease Renal biopsy = Diagnosing Diabetic Nephropathy Blood pressure check = Monitoring hypertension
Match the following risk factors with the corresponding disease:
Poor glycemic control = Diabetic Nephropathy Uncontrolled hypertension = Glomerulonephritis Smoking = Chronic Kidney Disease Obesity = Acute Kidney Injury
Match the following medications with their purpose:
ACE inhibitors = Blood pressure control Statins = Blood cholesterol control Immunosuppression = Treating Glomerulonephritis Insulin = Managing hyperglycemia
Match the following populations with the increased prevalence of Diabetic Nephropathy:
African American, Hispanic, American Indian, and Asian individuals = Diabetic Nephropathy Caucasians = Glomerulonephritis Obese individuals = Chronic Kidney Disease Smokers = Acute Kidney Injury
Match the following kidney disorders with their descriptions:
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) = Rapid decrease in kidney function Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) = Loss of kidney function over time End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) = Occurs if CKD is not treated and results in a failure of the body to remove waste Glomerular Disorders = Condition that attacks tiny filters in your kidneys
Match the following body functions with the way they are impacted by kidney disorders:
BP = Electrolyte and acid-base balance RBC production = Bone health Electrolyte and acid-base balance = BP Bone health = RBC production
Match the following kidney disorders with their effects on the body:
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) = Results in a failure of the body to remove waste Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) = Results in a failure of the body to remove waste over time End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) = Rapid decrease in kidney function Glomerular Disorders = Impacts blood pressure regulation
Match the following components of the urinary tract with their functions:
Bladder = Stores urine Kidneys = Produces urine Ureters = Eliminates urine Urethra = Stores urine
Match the following kidney disorders with their characteristics:
Glomerular Disorders = Attacks tiny filters in your kidneys Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) = Rapid decrease in kidney function End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) = Loss of kidney function over time Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) = Occur if CKD is not treated
Study Notes
Urinary Tract Function
- Produces, stores, and eliminates urine
- Composed of bladder, two kidneys, two ureters, and the urethra
- Kidneys responsible for homeostasis via urine production and elimination
- Body functions impacted: BP, electrolyte and acid-base balance, RBC production, and bone health
Kidney Disorders
- Acute Kidney Injury (AKI): rapid decrease in kidney function
- Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): loss of kidney function over time
- End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD): occurs if CKD is not treated, resulting in the body's failure to remove waste
Glomerular Disorders
- Attack tiny filters in the kidneys, called glomeruli, where blood is cleaned
- Damaged glomeruli can allow proteins and sometimes red blood cells to leak into urine
- Albumin Glomerulonephritis (GN): inflammation of glomeruli and capillaries, primary cause of AKI and CKD
Glomerulonephritis (GN)
- Etiology and pathogenesis: postinfectious, systemic disease, toxin exposure, thrombosis, genetic
- Clinical manifestations: proteinuria, hematuria, edema
- Diagnosis: 24-hour urine test, kidney biopsy (gold standard)
- Treatment: blood pressure control with ACE inhibitors, blood cholesterol control with statins, immunosuppression as needed
Diabetic Nephropathy
- Leading cause of ESRD due to proteinuria and hyperfiltration
- Risk factors: poor glycemic control, uncontrolled hypertension, obesity, smoking, genetic factors, race
- More prevalent in African American, Hispanic, American Indian, and Asian individuals
- Clinical manifestations: albuminuria, hyperfiltration, hypertension
- Diagnosis: diabetes, hypertension, and albuminuria
- Treatment: maintain BP, manage diabetes and hypertension
This quiz covers the basics of kidney function, including the urinary tract system, homeostasis, and body functions impacted by kidney disorders. It also introduces concepts related to kidney disorders, such as Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) and Chronic Kidney Disease.
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