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Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease
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Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease

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Questions and Answers

What is the RIFLE classification used to describe?

  • The stages of Chronic Kidney Disease
  • The phases of Acute Kidney Injury
  • The severity of End-Stage Kidney Disease
  • The stages of Acute Kidney Injury (correct)
  • What is the primary reason for the initiation phase of Acute Kidney Injury?

  • Initial Insult (correct)
  • Oliguria
  • Proteinuria
  • Hypertension
  • What is the GFR range for Stage 2 Chronic Kidney Disease?

  • GFR < 15 mL/min/1.73 m2
  • GFR ≥ 90 mL/min/1.73 m2
  • GFR 60-89 mL/min/1.73 m2 (correct)
  • GFR 30-59 mL/min/1.73 m2
  • What is the term used to describe kidney damage or a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate lasting for 3 or more months?

    <p>Chronic Kidney Disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final stage of Chronic Kidney Disease?

    <p>Stage 5: GFR &lt; 15 mL/min/1.73 m2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe permanent renal replacement therapy?

    <p>End-Stage Kidney Disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate glomerular filtration rate for End-Stage Kidney Disease?

    <p>GFR &lt; 15 mL/min/1.73 m2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ranking of Chronic Kidney Disease as a cause of death among Filipinos?

    <p>Fourth leading cause</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is marked by a gradual increase in urine output?

    <p>Diuresis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the state when kidney function declines to the point that symptoms may develop in multiple body systems?

    <p>Uremia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) corresponds to a GFR of 45 mL/min/1.73 m²?

    <p>Stage 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common initial manifestation of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)?

    <p>Oliguria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) does the initial insult and subsequent decrease in urine output occur?

    <p>Initiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    End-Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) typically requires which type of therapy?

    <p>Renal replacement therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does significant proteinuria or hypertension cause in the progression of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)?

    <p>Accelerates the progression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) and Chronic Kidney Disease

    Definition and Classification

    • Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is the hardening of renal arteries.
    • RIFLE Classification describes the stages of AKI using a 5-tier system.
    • RIFLE stands for Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, and ESKD (End-Stage Kidney Disease).

    Phases of AKI

    • Initiation Phase: begins with the initial insult and ends when oliguria develops, accompanied by proteinuria or hypertension.
    • Oliguria Phase: characterized by decreased urine output.
    • Diuresis Phase: marked by increased urine output.
    • Recovery Phase: the final stage of AKI, where the kidneys recover.

    Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

    • CKD is an umbrella term that describes kidney damage or a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) lasting for 3 or more months.
    • In the Philippines, CKD is the 4th leading cause of death among Filipinos.
    • GFR is used to determine the stage of CKD, with the following stages:
      • Stage 1: GFR ≥ 90 mL/min/1.73 m2
      • Stage 2: GFR 60-89 mL/min/1.73 m2
      • Stage 3: GFR 30-59 mL/min/1.73 m2
      • Stage 4: GFR 15-29 mL/min/1.73 m2
      • Stage 5: GFR < 15 mL/min/1.73 m2, which is equivalent to End-Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD).

    End-Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD)

    • ESKD requires permanent renal replacement therapy.
    • Progression to ESKD is faster in those with significant proteinuria or hypertension.

    Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease

    Definitions

    • Acute Kidney Injury (AKI): rapid loss of renal function due to kidney damage
    • Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): umbrella term for kidney damage or decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) lasting 3+ months
    • End-Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD): GFR < 15 mL/min/1.73 m2, requiring permanent renal replacement therapy
    • Uremia: syndrome where kidney function decline causes symptoms in multiple body systems

    Phases of Acute Kidney Injury

    • Initiation
    • Oliguria
    • Diuresis
    • Recovery

    Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease

    • Stage 1: GFR ≥ 90 mL/min/1.73 m2
    • Stage 2: GFR 60-89 mL/min/1.73 m2
    • Stage 3: GFR 30-59 mL/min/1.73 m2
    • Stage 4: GFR 15-29 mL/min/1.73 m2
    • Stage 5: GFR < 15 mL/min/1.73 m2

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    Description

    Learn about Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), its phases, and the RIFLE classification system used to describe its stages. This quiz is part of Medical Surgical Nursing 1.

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