Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease

What is the RIFLE classification used to describe?

What is the primary reason for the initiation phase of Acute Kidney Injury?

What is the GFR range for Stage 2 Chronic Kidney Disease?

What is the term used to describe kidney damage or a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate lasting for 3 or more months?

What is the final stage of Chronic Kidney Disease?

What is the term used to describe permanent renal replacement therapy?

What is the approximate glomerular filtration rate for End-Stage Kidney Disease?

What is the ranking of Chronic Kidney Disease as a cause of death among Filipinos?

Which phase of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is marked by a gradual increase in urine output?

What describes the state when kidney function declines to the point that symptoms may develop in multiple body systems?

Which stage of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) corresponds to a GFR of 45 mL/min/1.73 m²?

What is the common initial manifestation of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)?

During which phase of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) does the initial insult and subsequent decrease in urine output occur?

End-Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) typically requires which type of therapy?

What does significant proteinuria or hypertension cause in the progression of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)?

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) and Chronic Kidney Disease

Definition and Classification

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is the hardening of renal arteries.
RIFLE Classification describes the stages of AKI using a 5-tier system.
RIFLE stands for Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, and ESKD (End-Stage Kidney Disease).

Phases of AKI

Initiation Phase: begins with the initial insult and ends when oliguria develops, accompanied by proteinuria or hypertension.
Oliguria Phase: characterized by decreased urine output.
Diuresis Phase: marked by increased urine output.
Recovery Phase: the final stage of AKI, where the kidneys recover.

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

CKD is an umbrella term that describes kidney damage or a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) lasting for 3 or more months.
In the Philippines, CKD is the 4th leading cause of death among Filipinos.
GFR is used to determine the stage of CKD, with the following stages:
- Stage 1: GFR ≥ 90 mL/min/1.73 m2
- Stage 2: GFR 60-89 mL/min/1.73 m2
- Stage 3: GFR 30-59 mL/min/1.73 m2
- Stage 4: GFR 15-29 mL/min/1.73 m2
- Stage 5: GFR < 15 mL/min/1.73 m2, which is equivalent to End-Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD).

End-Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD)

ESKD requires permanent renal replacement therapy.
Progression to ESKD is faster in those with significant proteinuria or hypertension.

Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease

Definitions

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI): rapid loss of renal function due to kidney damage
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): umbrella term for kidney damage or decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) lasting 3+ months
End-Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD): GFR < 15 mL/min/1.73 m2, requiring permanent renal replacement therapy
Uremia: syndrome where kidney function decline causes symptoms in multiple body systems

Phases of Acute Kidney Injury

Initiation
Oliguria
Diuresis
Recovery

Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease

Stage 1: GFR ≥ 90 mL/min/1.73 m2
Stage 2: GFR 60-89 mL/min/1.73 m2
Stage 3: GFR 30-59 mL/min/1.73 m2
Stage 4: GFR 15-29 mL/min/1.73 m2
Stage 5: GFR < 15 mL/min/1.73 m2

Learn about Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), its phases, and the RIFLE classification system used to describe its stages. This quiz is part of Medical Surgical Nursing 1.