38 Questions
What is the result of hypersecretion in the sympathetic nervous system?
Increased metabolic rate
What is the function of melatonin?
To regulate the timing of sexual maturation and puberty
What is the function of the pancreatic islets?
To produce hormones
What is the function of glucagon?
To increase blood sugar levels
What is the result of glycogenolysis?
Breakdown of glycogen to glucose
What is the function of insulin?
To decrease blood sugar levels
What is the function of the pancreas?
To regulate blood sugar levels
What is the function of pinealocytes?
To produce melatonin
What is the function of testosterone in the male reproductive system?
Causes the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics and sex drive
Which hormone-producing structure releases atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), which reduces blood pressure?
Heart
What is the role of the placenta in pregnancy?
Releases hormones that influence the course of pregnancy
What is the function of gastrin in the gastrointestinal tract?
Stimulates the release of HCl in the stomach
What is the role of leptin in energy balance?
Stimulates the sensation of satiety and increases energy expenditure
Which of the following hormone-producing structures arises from the ectoderm?
Pituitary gland
What is the function of erythropoietin produced by the kidneys?
Regulates the production of erythrocytes
What is the role of cholecystokinin in the gastrointestinal tract?
Targets the pancreas, gallbladder, and hepatopancreatic sphincter
What is a possible explanation for high cancer rates in certain areas?
Interference with glucocorticoids
What happens to ovaries with age?
They undergo significant changes and become unresponsive to gonadotropins
What is a consequence of declining testosterone levels with age?
No noticeable effect until very old age
What is the effect of declining GH levels with age?
Increased muscle atrophy
Why are women more vulnerable to bone demineralization effects of PTH?
Due to lack of estrogen
What is a possible effect of declining TH levels with age?
Decreased basal metabolic rate
What is the primary regulatory mechanism of cortisol secretion?
Negative feedback of cortisol on the hypothalamus and pituitary gland
What is the primary cause of Cushing's syndrome?
Increased ACTH release due to tumors or clinical administration of glucocorticoid drugs
What is the effect of excessive glucocorticoids on muscle and bone protein?
Loss in muscle and bone protein
What is the primary function of androgens in females?
Sex drive
What is the effect of epinephrine on blood glucose levels?
Increased blood glucose levels
What is the difference between epinephrine and norepinephrine?
Epinephrine is the more potent stimulator of the heart and metabolic activities
What is the consequence of deficiency of adrenal medulla hormones?
No significant problems
What is the primary source of androgens?
Gonads
What is the primary function of mineralocorticoids in maintaining electrolyte balance?
Maintaining sodium and chloride balance by reducing excretion
What is the effect of aldosterone on sodium ion reabsorption?
Enhances reabsorption from the kidneys
Which factor directly influences the zona glomerulosa cells to regulate aldosterone release?
Potassium and sodium ion concentrations in the ECF
What is the effect of aldosteronism on the body?
Hypertension and edema due to excessive sodium ion retention
What is the primary function of glucocorticoids in response to stress?
Maintaining blood sugar levels relatively constant
What is the effect of cortisol on blood glucose levels?
Raising blood glucose levels
Which hormone inhibits the activity of the zona glomerulosa cells?
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
What is the effect of cortisol on fatty acid levels in the blood?
Raising fatty acid levels
This quiz covers the functions of mineralocorticoids, particularly aldosterone, in regulating electrolyte concentrations in the body and maintaining sodium balance.
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