Regional Anatomy of the Upper Limb - MEDI12-201
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following muscles is NOT part of the rotator cuff?

  • Teres Minor
  • Deltoid (correct)
  • Subscapularis
  • Infraspinatus

    • What is the primary function of the glenohumeral joint?

  • To connect the humerus to the scapula
  • To allow for a wide range of motion (correct)
  • To provide stability to the shoulder
  • To allow for rotation of the forearm

    • Which of the following pathologies is characterized by a tear in the labrum, a ring of cartilage that helps to stabilize the glenohumeral joint?

  • SLAP lesion (correct)
  • Shoulder dislocation
  • Rotator cuff tear
  • Bicep tendon rupture

    • Which of the following muscles is responsible for the external rotation of the humerus?

    <p>Both B and C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the brachialis muscle?

    <p>Flexion of the elbow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The glenohumeral joint is formed by the articulation of which two bones?

    <p>Humerus and scapula (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the subscapularis muscle?

    <p>Internal rotation of the humerus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common cause of shoulder pain?

    <p>Carpal tunnel syndrome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a rotator cuff tear and a SLAP lesion?

    <p>A rotator cuff tear affects the tendons of the rotator cuff muscles, while a SLAP lesion affects the labrum. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common complication of a shoulder dislocation?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle primarily functions to protract the scapula?

    <p>Serratus Anterior (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prime action of the Pectoralis Major muscle?

    <p>Adduction and medial rotation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which attachments are associated with the Pectoralis Minor muscle?

    <p>Ribs 3-5 to coracoid process of scapula (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle's primary actions include downward rotation of the scapula?

    <p>Pectoralis Major (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary actions attributed to the Serratus Anterior muscle?

    <p>Scapula protraction and upward rotation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly reflects the function of the Pectoralis Minor muscle?

    <p>It protracts and stabilizes the scapula. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The intertubercular sulcus of the humerus is associated with which muscle?

    <p>Pectoralis Major (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is involved in stabilizing the scapula during arm movements?

    <p>Serratus Anterior (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function is not associated with Pectoralis Major?

    <p>Scapula retraction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of the Serratus Anterior muscle?

    <p>Scapula upward rotation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is primarily responsible for the downward rotation of the scapula?

    <p>Rhomboid Major (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prime action of the Levator Scapulae?

    <p>Elevates the scapula (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscles contribute to the upward rotation of the scapula?

    <p>Trapezius and Serratus Anterior (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary actions of the Latissimus Dorsi?

    <p>Adduction and medial rotation of the arm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which movements does the Trapezius muscle play a primary role?

    <p>Elevation, depression, and upward rotation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles is NOT involved in the retraction of the scapula?

    <p>Pectoralis Minor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anatomical feature acts as the origin for the Trapezius muscle?

    <p>Nuchal line and external occipital protuberance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action is NOT associated with the muscles of the posterior axio-appendicular group?

    <p>Protraction of the scapula (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of the Rhomboid muscles?

    <p>Retraction of the scapula (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligaments are essential for stabilizing the anterior and superior part of the joint capsule?

    <p>Coracohumeral and Glenohumeral (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is primarily responsible for elevating the scapula?

    <p>Trapezius (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary action is performed by the Rhomboid muscles?

    <p>Retracts the scapula (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle group is responsible for downward rotation of the scapula?

    <p>Rhomboids and Levator Scapulae (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles does NOT contribute to the protraction of the scapula?

    <p>Rhomboid Major (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action is NOT performed by the Latissimus Dorsi?

    <p>Abduction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these muscles originates from the spinous processes of T7 to L5?

    <p>Latissimus Dorsi (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is primarily involved in the upward rotation of the scapula?

    <p>Serratus Anterior (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main action of the Levator Scapulae muscle?

    <p>Elevates the scapula (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscles are primarily responsible for the elevation of the scapula?

    <p>Rhomboids and Levator Scapulae (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What muscle primarily depresses the scapula?

    <p>Lower Trapezius (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles is NOT responsible for scapular downward rotation?

    <p>Serratus Anterior (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscle attachments is NOT associated with the Coracoid Process of the Scapula?

    <p>Serratus Anterior (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In addition to its primary actions, the Pectoralis Major muscle plays a role in which of the following movements?

    <p>Humeral adduction and lateral rotation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the functional relationship between the Pectoralis Minor and the Serratus Anterior muscles?

    <p>The Serratus Anterior opposes the Pectoralis Minor's role in scapular depression. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The insertion point of the Pectoralis Major muscle is crucial for its function. What is the specific anatomical feature it inserts onto?

    <p>Intertubercular sulcus of the humerus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of the Serratus Anterior muscle that contributes significantly to its role in stabilizing the scapula?

    <p>Keeps the scapula pressed against the thoracic wall (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Serratus Anterior muscle plays a vital role in which of the following common movements?

    <p>Pushing movements like push-ups (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Contraction of the Pectoralis Minor muscle primarily results in which of the following effects on the scapula?

    <p>Pulling the scapula downward and medially (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is NOT a direct consequence of Pectoralis Minor muscle dysfunction?

    <p>Scapular winging during arm elevation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following combinations of muscle actions is NOT characteristic of the Serratus Anterior muscle but is characteristic of another muscle?

    <p>Scapular protraction and downward rotation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscles are primarily responsible for stabilizing the shoulder during joint movements?

    <p>Rotator cuff and deltoid muscles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathologies are associated with the shoulder joint that can lead to functional impairment?

    <p>Rotator cuff tears and SLAP lesions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the thoraco-appendicular muscles in shoulder function?

    <p>They stabilize the shoulder complex during arm movements. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the brachium is correct?

    <p>It includes both flexors and extensors. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscles contribute to scapulothoracic movements?

    <p>Rhomboids and Levator Scapulae (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anatomical feature is essential for the stability of the glenohumeral joint?

    <p>Glenoid labrum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary movements facilitated by the deltoid muscle?

    <p>Flexion, extension, abduction, and rotation of the shoulder (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles is responsible for shoulder abduction after the first 15 degrees?

    <p>Deltoid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a SLAP lesion?

    <p>A tear in the biceps tendon at the shoulder (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle primarily acts to aid in the upward rotation of the scapula?

    <p>Serratus Anterior (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Regional and Functional Anatomy of the Upper Limb

    • Course: MEDI12-201, 2025
    • Presenter: Dr. Nicolene Lottering (PhD)
    • Part: 1
    • Focus: Regional and functional anatomy of the upper limb.
    • Session Objectives:
      • Describe glenohumeral and elbow joints, including movement and stability factors (e.g., thoraco-appendicular, rotator cuff, and brachium muscles).
      • Describe the regional anatomy of the shoulder, focusing on glenohumeral joint structure, supportive structures (e.g., rotator cuff muscles).
      • Summarize and identify muscles stabilizing the shoulder and contributing to scapulothoracic movements.
      • Describe prime movements of compartments and individual muscles of the brachium, on the shoulder and elbow (including common attachments).
      • Understand and describe anatomical involvement and functional consequences of common pathologies (e.g., rotator cuff tears, SLAP lesions, shoulder dislocation, biceps tendon rupture).

    Axio-Appendicular Muscles

    • Definition: Muscles that move or stabilize the shoulder girdle.
    • Examples (Anterior): Pectoralis Major, Pectoralis Minor, Serratus Anterior

    Assumed Knowledge

    • Osteology and arthrology of the pectoral girdle and upper limb (from MEDI11-102, Week 9).
    • Understanding of skeletal muscle types, principles of contraction, and muscle groups.
    • Knowledge of the structure and classification of synovial joints.
    • Familiarity with the names of bones in the thorax and upper limb, and the intra- and extra-capsular supporting structures of the shoulder (e.g., ligaments).

    Session Guidelines

    • Preparation: Review MEDI11-102 material or watch a pre-class video about the Bones of the Upper Limb.
    • Materials: Drawing templates (downloadable or printable), coloured writing tools (crayons, pens, highlighters).
    • Post-session revision: Complete a designated quiz ("Muscles of the Shoulder") and use resources from Gray's Anatomy and the Manual of Structural Kinesiology (check the 2025 Anatomy overview document for recommended resources).

    Muscles of the Brachium (Arm)

    • Anterior Compartment:
      • Biceps Brachii (weak flexion of the glenohumeral (GH) joint; flexion and supination of the elbow)
      • Coracobrachialis (flexion of the GH joint, adduction of the GH)
      • Brachialis (elbow flexion).
    • Posterior Compartment:
      • Triceps Brachii (extension of the GH and elbow joint)
      • Anconeus (assists triceps in elbow extension).

    Glenohumeral Movements

    • Abduction/Adduction: (Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Deltoid (anterior), Pectoralis major, Latissimus dorsi)
    • Flexion: (Pectoralis major, (anterior), Deltoid, Biceps, Brachialis)
    • Extension: (Latissimus dorsi, Teres major, Deltoid (posterior), Triceps, anconeus)
    • External Rotation: (Infraspinatus, Teres minor)
    • Internal Rotation: (Subscapularis, Latissimus dorsi, Teres major).

    Rotator Cuff

    • Definition: Muscles situated on the shoulder joint (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis).
    • Function: Role in shoulder stability and mobility during abduction and (external & internal) rotation. Essential for dynamic stabilization.

    Scapulo-humeral Muscles

    • Location & origin: (Medial ¼ supraspinous fossa (Supraspinatus); Medial ¼ infraspinous fossa (Infraspinatus); Lateral scapular area (Teres minor); Costal surface of scapula (Subscapularis); Other muscles including Long Head & Short Head of the Biceps Brachii).
    • Functions: (Initiates abduction; Lateral rotation; Stabilise humeral head, medial rotator (subscapularis); Adduction and medial rotation of humerus, stabilizing upper humerus from forces, such as deltoid).

    Clinical Correlations

    • Examples: Musculoskeletal cases involving shoulder pain, weakness, difficulties with certain movements (e.g., bench press).
    • Diagnostic methods: T2-weighted MRI (revealing tendon tear for 44-year-old case)
    • Clinical significance: Identifying the damaged structures to tailor treatment and recovery

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    Regional and Functional Anatomy of the Upper Limb I PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the regional and functional anatomy of the upper limb, as presented in MEDI12-201. You will explore the glenohumeral and elbow joints, muscle groups, and common pathologies affecting shoulder function. Prepare to identify structures and movements associated with stability and mobility of the upper limb.

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