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Questions and Answers
What does the term 'upper limb' include in a tetrapod vertebrate?
What does the term 'upper limb' include in a tetrapod vertebrate?
- Only the hand and digits
- Structures from the shoulder to the elbow
- Only the wrist and knuckle joints
- Structures from the scapulae and clavicles down to and including the digits (correct)
In formal usage, how is the term 'arm' defined?
In formal usage, how is the term 'arm' defined?
- Structures from the shoulder to the elbow, explicitly excluding the forearm (correct)
- Structures from the shoulder to the hand
- All structures from the shoulder to the digits
- Structures from the shoulder to the wrist
How are the terms 'upper limb' and 'arm' related?
How are the terms 'upper limb' and 'arm' related?
- They are not synonymous (correct)
- They are used interchangeably in formal usage
- They are interchangeable in all contexts
- They refer to the same structures in casual usage
What is the informal usage of the term 'upper arm' in anatomy?
What is the informal usage of the term 'upper arm' in anatomy?
How can the muscles of the upper limb be classified in the human body?
How can the muscles of the upper limb be classified in the human body?
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Study Notes
Upper Limb and Arm in Tetrapod Vertebrates
- In a tetrapod vertebrate, the term "upper limb" includes the scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges.
Definition of Arm
- In formal usage, the term "arm" refers specifically to the segment between the shoulder and elbow, consisting of the humerus bone.
Relationship between Upper Limb and Arm
- The term "arm" is a part of the "upper limb", which includes the entire limb from the shoulder to the fingertips.
Informal Usage of Upper Arm
- In informal anatomy, the term "upper arm" refers to the region between the shoulder and elbow, which includes the humerus bone and surrounding soft tissues.
Classification of Upper Limb Muscles
- In the human body, the muscles of the upper limb can be classified into two groups: extrinsic muscles (originating from the torso and inserting into the upper limb) and intrinsic muscles (originating and inserting within the upper limb).
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