Reformation and Confucianism Quiz

Martin Luther believed that the Bible was the supreme authority, not Church tradition, and that all people are equally able to communicate directly with God.

Luther's Reformation gained widespread support because his ideas resonated with people, the printing press enabled rapid dissemination of his writings, and powerful rulers like German princes supported him.

The Church responded to the Reformation by denouncing Luther's teachings and launching a counter-reformation to strengthen their own authority and doctrines.

European exploration was driven by the pursuit of wealth, trade routes, and power, leading to the establishment of colonies, the exchange of goods and ideas, and continued exploration.

The arrival of European explorers in new lands had a profound impact, leading to the establishment of colonies, the exchange of goods, ideas, and diseases, and continued exploration and expansion.

The Renaissance was a period of renewed interest in classical learning and human potential, which changed how people thought about themselves and the world.

The "Renaissance man" was an ideal person who excelled in many different fields, such as art, science, literature, and politics.

Italy's wealth, powerful city-states, and strategic trade routes allowed for the flourishing of classical learning and the arts, giving birth to the Renaissance.

Martin Luther's 95 Theses challenged the Catholic Church's authority and emphasized salvation through faith, laying the foundation for Protestant Reformation.

Jan Hus, inspired by Wycliffe, advocated for making religious scriptures accessible to everyone, contributing to the call for reform.

The Silk Roads were primarily for luxury goods and cultural exchange, while the Indian Trade Complex focused on bulk commodities transported through maritime routes and established coastal communities.

Culture is exchanged through trade networks through the spread of ideas and religious beliefs. This can be seen in religions like Islam, Buddhism, and others being transported along various trade routes.

The "Gunpowder Empires" were the Ottoman Empire, Safavid Iran, and the Mughal Empire. These empires were known for their powerful militaries and used gunpowder-based weapons extensively during the period.

The three main motivations for European exploration were the pursuit of wealth (gold), the desire for glory and expansion, and the spread of Christianity (God).

The Devshirme System was a practice of the Ottoman Empire where they recruited Christian boys, converted them to Islam, and then trained them for military service.

Mansa Musa, ruler of the Mali Empire in the 14th century, took a grand pilgrimage to Mecca to practice Islam and demonstrate his empire's wealth.

Mansa Musa's pilgrimage to Mecca had significant impacts: it caused inflation in Cairo due to his spending, raised international awareness of Mali's wealth and power, and facilitated the spread of Islam in West Africa.

Medieval European society had a strict hierarchical structure, with the Pope at the top, followed by monarchs, nobles and knights, and finally peasants and serfs at the bottom.

The Crusades were campaigns launched by European Christians to reclaim the Holy Land from Muslim control. The Church aimed to spread Christianity, while individual crusaders sought glory, religious zeal, and potential financial gains.

The Silk Road was a network of trade routes connecting the East and West. It facilitated the exchange of luxury goods such as silk, spices, precious metals, gems, and fine ceramics. These items commanded high prices due to their rarity and high demand.

The term, "Allah", refers to the one God in Islam, similar to 'God' in Christianity or 'YHWH' in Judaism. The Quran is central to the religion, containing revelations and teachings from Allah to Prophet Muhammad.

This time period in Islamic history brought about significant cultural and scientific advancements, including the translation of ancient Greek texts, advancements in astronomy and mathematics, and the flourishing of art and architecture. Think of it as a 'Golden Age' of both Islamic and global knowledge.

This trade route traversed across the Sahara Desert, connecting North Africa to West Africa. It facilitated the exchange of key goods, such as gold, salt, and sadly, enslaved people.

West African civilizations prospered due to a confluence of factors, including their strategic location, abundant resources, sophisticated agricultural practices, well-structured societies, and extensive trade networks. These factors combined to create a foundation for their success.

The Mamluk Sultanate was known for its powerful military, a focus on warriors, and its economic prosperity fueled by trade. They also supported the arts and sciences, contributing to cultural development.

The 5 Relationships, encompassing Ruler-Subject, Father-Son, Husband-Wife, Elder Brother-Younger Brother, and Friend-Friend, emphasized social harmony and defined the structure of traditional Chinese society.

Confucianism sought social harmony through ethical principles and moral conduct. Taoism emphasized harmony with the natural order, focusing on balance and living in accordance with the 'Tao'. Legalism believed in strong centralized governance through strict laws and harsh punishments.

The Dynastic Cycle refers to the cyclical rise and fall of dynasties in China. The Mandate of Heaven justified imperial rule based on the emperor's virtue and the heavenly will. When a dynasty lost the Mandate of Heaven, often due to natural disasters, rebellions, or societal decay, it was believed to be a sign for a new dynasty to rise.

The Han Dynasty's Golden Age was characterized by major advancements in agriculture, technology, and governance. Key advancements included innovations in the seed drill and water mill, the invention of paper and the compass, and the establishment of a strong centralized bureaucracy based on Confucian principles.

China staffed its bureaucracy through a meritocratic imperial examination system. Officials were selected based on their ability, not social status. This ensured that the best and brightest were selected, leading to effective administration and governance.