Redox Reactions and Oxidation Numbers
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a simple definition of oxidation?

  • The loss of protons
  • The gain of protons
  • The loss of electrons (correct)
  • The gain of electrons
  • Which of the following is an oxidation-reduction reaction?

  • H2O → H2 + O2
  • Fe2O3 + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO (correct)
  • H2 + O2 → H2O
  • NaCl → Na + Cl
  • Which identifies an oxidation-reduction reaction?

  • A reaction without change in oxidation states
  • Any reaction that involves oxidation numbers that change (correct)
  • A neutralization reaction
  • None of the above
  • Which answer best describes what is happening in the following reaction? 2C8H18 + 25O2 → 16CO2 + 18H2O

    <p>Octane is oxidized while oxygen is reduced.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the oxidation number for S in the compound SO3? (Recall that O has an oxidation number of -2.)

    <p>+6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which best identifies why the rusting of an iron nail in the presence of water and oxygen is an oxidation-reduction reaction?

    <p>Electrons are transferred.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is being oxidized in the reaction: CO2(g) + H2(g) → CO(g) + H2O(l)?

    <p>H2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an oxidation-reduction reaction?

    <p>ZnS(s) + 2O2(g) → ZnSO4(s)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Given the reaction below, which is the reduced substance? Mg + Cl2 → Mg2+ + 2Cl

    <p>Cl2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the redox reaction below, which is the reducing agent? MnO2(s) + 4H+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq) → Mn2+(aq) + 2H2O(l) + Cl2(g)

    <p>Cl-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Given the reaction below, which is the oxidized substance? Mg + Cl2 → Mg2+ + 2Cl

    <p>Mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reaction occurs in the following? 2HgO(s) → 2Hg(l) + O2(g)

    <p>A decomposition reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a redox reaction, an electron is lost by the reducing agent.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which describes the oxidizing agent in a chemical reaction?

    <p>The substance that is reduced because it gains electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The presence of which reactant is the best indicator of an oxidation-reduction reaction?

    <p>H2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reactions

    • Oxidation is defined as the loss of electrons in a chemical reaction.
    • Redox reactions involve a transfer of electrons between substances, leading to changes in oxidation states.
    • A reaction showcasing oxidation-reduction is where reactants change oxidation numbers, which indicates that electrons have been transferred.

    Examples of Redox Reactions

    • The reaction Fe2O3 + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO demonstrates a redox process.
    • The combustion of octane: 2C8H18 + 25O2 → 16CO2 + 18H2O, presents the oxidation of octane as it reacts with oxygen.
    • ZnS + 2O2 → ZnSO4 is another example of an oxidation-reduction reaction.

    Oxidation Numbers

    • In the compound SO3, the oxidation number for sulfur (S) is +6, considering oxygen has an oxidation number of -2.
    • The oxidized substance in the reaction Mg + Cl2 → Mg2+ + 2Cl is magnesium (Mg).
    • The reduced substance in the reaction Mg + Cl2 → Mg2+ + 2Cl is chlorine (Cl2).

    Reducing and Oxidizing Agents

    • The reducing agent is defined as the substance that donates electrons, resulting in oxidation of itself while reducing another substance. In the redox reaction MnO2 + 4H+ + 2Cl- → Mn2+ + 2H2O + Cl2, Cl- acts as the reducing agent.
    • The oxidizing agent is the substance that gains electrons. In a reaction, it is characterized by the reduction it facilitates.

    Characteristics of Redox Reactions

    • The rusting of an iron nail in the presence of water and oxygen is a classic example of an oxidation-reduction reaction, wherein electrons are transferred.
    • In any redox reaction, the reducing agent loses an electron, making the process notable for its electron transfer dynamics.
    • A decomposition reaction, such as 2HgO → 2Hg + O2, can involve reduction where a metal is reduced during the process.

    Indicators of Redox Reactions

    • The presence of hydrogen gas (H2) in a reaction context is often a strong indicator of an oxidation-reduction reaction occurring.

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    Description

    Explore the concepts of oxidation-reduction reactions and oxidation numbers with this quiz. Learn how electrons are transferred between substances and identify oxidizing and reducing agents in various chemical reactions. Test your understanding of key examples and definitions in redox chemistry.

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