Podcast
Questions and Answers
What characterizes anulocytes in blood cell analysis?
What characterizes anulocytes in blood cell analysis?
- RBCs with increased central pallor
- RBCs with a thin rim of hemoglobin and a large, clear center (correct)
- RBCs displaying irregular shapes and sizes
- RBCs that are smaller than normal and dark in color
Which condition is likely associated with hyperchromic cells?
Which condition is likely associated with hyperchromic cells?
- Hemolytic anemia
- Hereditary spherocytosis (correct)
- Thalassemia
- Sickle cell anemia
What does an increased osmotic fragility test indicate?
What does an increased osmotic fragility test indicate?
- A definitive diagnosis of hereditary spherocytosis
- Increased sensitivity of RBCs to hemolysis in hypotonic solutions (correct)
- Low levels of reticulocytes in the blood
- High levels of hyperchromic cells
What is a likely diagnostic test result for autoimmune conditions linked to spherocytes?
What is a likely diagnostic test result for autoimmune conditions linked to spherocytes?
Which finding is considered correctable in the autohemolysis test?
Which finding is considered correctable in the autohemolysis test?
What grading level indicates 10% of polychromatophilic RBCs present?
What grading level indicates 10% of polychromatophilic RBCs present?
Which of the following tests is suggestive of increased oxidative stress in the red blood cells?
Which of the following tests is suggestive of increased oxidative stress in the red blood cells?
Which of the following correctly describes polychromatophilic erythrocytes?
Which of the following correctly describes polychromatophilic erythrocytes?
Flashcards
Anulocyte (Pessary Cell)
Anulocyte (Pessary Cell)
A red blood cell with a thin hemoglobin rim and a large, clear center, often seen in iron deficiency anemia.
Hyperchromic Cells
Hyperchromic Cells
Red blood cells with reduced central pallor (often due to spherocytosis) but normal size, associated with high MCHC (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration) and conditions like hereditary spherocytosis.
Polychromatophilic Erythrocytes
Polychromatophilic Erythrocytes
Larger-than-normal red blood cells with a bluish tint (visible with Wright's stain), possibly indicating decreased red blood cell survival, hemorrhage, or bone marrow problems.
DAT (Direct Antiglobulin Test)
DAT (Direct Antiglobulin Test)
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MCV
MCV
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MCH
MCH
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MCHC
MCHC
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Autohemolysis Test
Autohemolysis Test
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OFT (Osmotic Fragility Test)
OFT (Osmotic Fragility Test)
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EMA Binding Test
EMA Binding Test
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Eosin 5' Maleimide Test
Eosin 5' Maleimide Test
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Polychromasia grading
Polychromasia grading
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Study Notes
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Abnormalities
- Anulocytes (aka Pessary cells): RBCs with a thin rim of hemoglobin and a large, clear center; often seen in iron deficiency anemia
- Hyperchromic cells: RBCs lacking central pallor, even with a desirable location for evaluation; these RBCs are actually spherocytes; a shape change; true hyperchromia occurs with high MCHC
- Hereditary Spherocytosis (HS): Characterized by high MCHC (above reference range) and often causing splenomegaly and jaundice. HS is the only common cause of high MCHC. Clinical symptoms include splenomegaly and jaundice
- DAT (direct antiglobulin test): Negative in HS
- MCV: Normal to low in HS
- MCH: Normal in HS
- MCHC: Slightly increased in HS
Polychromatophilic Erythrocytes
- Larger than normal RBCs with bluish tinge (Wright's stain). This is due to residual RNA and is associated with decreased RBC survival, hemorrhage, or erythroid hyperplasia of the bone marrow.
- High numbers indicate problems such as decreased RBC survival, hemorrhage, or erythroid hyperplasia of the bone marrow
Grading of Polychromasia
- Slight: 1% polychromatophilic RBCs
- 1+ : 3% polychromatophilic RBCs
- 2+: 5% polychromatophilic RBCs
- 3+: 10% polychromatophilic RBCs
- 4+: >10% polychromatophilic RBCs
Additional Test Information
- Autohemolysis test: Greatly increased, but can be corrected by glucose or ATP
- Osmotic fragility test (OFT): Increased osmotic fragility, but not diagnostic of HS
- EMA (Erythrocyte membrane antigen) binding test: Fluorescence (flow cytometry) used
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