Red Blood Cell Abnormalities

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Questions and Answers

What general term describes the variation in red blood cell (RBC) shape resulting from abnormal development?

  • Poikilocytosis (correct)
  • Hypochromia
  • Polychromasia
  • Anisocytosis

A megalocyte is a type of red blood cell and its formation is most commonly associated with a deficiency in which of the following?

  • Vitamin B6
  • Vitamin C
  • Vitamin B12 or Folic Acid (correct)
  • Iron

An acanthocyte, a red blood cell with irregularly spaced projections, is also commonly referred to as what?

  • Target cell
  • Teardrop cell
  • Spur cell or Thorny cell (correct)
  • Helmet cell

McLeod Syndrome, a genetic disorder affecting red blood cell antigens, is most closely associated with which red blood cell abnormality?

<p>Hereditary acanthocytosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism behind the formation of echinocytes (burr cells)?

<p>Abnormality in lipid content of membrane, ATP deficiency or hypertonic exposure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Codocytes (target cells) are often observed in patients with which of the following conditions?

<p>Thalassemia, Hemoglobinopathies, Liver Disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An elliptocyte, a red blood cell with an elliptical or oval shape, is caused by what?

<p>Defect in the cytoskeleton or decreased membrane protein band 4.1 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is associated with the presence of elliptocytes in the peripheral blood smear?

<p>Hereditary Elliptocytosis, Iron Deficiency Anemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general shape of an ovalocyte?

<p>Egg-shaped (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hereditary spherocytosis, a genetic disorder affecting red blood cell structure, is associated with what red blood cell morphology?

<p>Spherocytes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hereditary Stomatocytosis is linked to what red blood cell morphology?

<p>Stomatocytes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for a drepanocyte?

<p>Sickle cell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The presence of schistocytes (fragmented red blood cells) is a strong indicator of:

<p>Intravascular hemolysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A keratocyte, a red blood cell with one or more pointed projections, is also known as what?

<p>Helmet cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for a dacryocyte?

<p>Teardrop cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the inclusion classically seen in megaloblastic anemia?

<p>Howell-Jolly bodies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Heinz bodies, inclusions within red blood cells composed of denatured hemoglobin, are typically associated with which condition?

<p>G6PD Deficiency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Basophilic stippling, characterized by the presence of small, blue-staining granules in red blood cells, is often linked to what condition?

<p>Lead poisoning (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rouleaux formation, where red blood cells appear stacked like coins, is most frequently associated with:

<p>Multiple Myeloma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following inclusions is caused by denatured hemoglobin?

<p>Heinz Bodies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Poikilocytosis

Variation in RBC shape due to abnormal development.

Megalocyte (and deficiency)

Large red blood cell due to deficiency in Vitamin B12 or folic acid.

Acanthocyte (synonyms)

Also known as a spur cell or thorny cell.

Condition linked to Acanthocytosis

McLeod Syndrome

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Causes of Echinocyte formation

Abnormality in lipid content of membrane, ATP deficiency, hypertonic exposure.

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Diseases associated with Codocytes

Conditions include Thalassemia, Hemoglobinopathies, and Liver Disease.

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Elliptocyte (and cause)

Elliptical RBC shape due to cytoskeleton defect, decreased membrane protein band 4.1

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Diseases related to Elliptocytes

Hereditary Elliptocytosis, and Iron Deficiency Anemia.

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Shape - Ovalocyte

Egg-shaped

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Condition associated with Spherocytes

Hereditary Spherocytosis

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Condition linked to Stomatocyte

Hereditary Stomatocytosis

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What is a drepanocyte?

Sickle cell

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Schistocyte indicates

Indicates intravascular hemolysis

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Keratocyte

Also known as a helmet cell

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What is a dacryocyte?

Teardrop cell

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Inclusion is seen in megaloblastic anemia?

Howell Jolly Bodies

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Heinz body associated with?

G6PD Deficiency

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Basophilic stippling linked to?

Lead poisoning

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Rouleaux formation associated with?

Multiple Myeloma

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Study Notes

  • Variation in RBC shape due to abnormal development is known as Poikilocytosis
  • Megalocyte is due to abnormal development of the nucleus due to deficiency in Vitamin B12 or folic acid
  • Acanthocyte is also known as Spur cell or Thorny cell
  • Hereditary acanthocytosis is associated with McLeod Syndrome
  • Echinocyte formation is caused by abnormality in lipid content of membrane, ATP deficiency, hypertonic exposure
  • Diseases associated with codocytes include Thalassemia, Hemoglobinopathies, Liver Disease
  • Elliptocyte is an elliptical RBC shape due to cytoskeleton defect and decreased membrane protein band 4.1
  • Diseases associated with elliptocytes are Hereditary Elliptocytosis, Iron Deficiency Anemia
  • Ovalocyte has an egg-shape
  • Spherocytes are associated with Hereditary Spherocytosis
  • Stomatocyte is linked to Hereditary Stomatocytosis
  • Drepanocyte is a Sickle cell
  • Schistocyte indicates Intravascular hemolysis
  • Keratocyte is also known as Helmet cell
  • Dacryocyte is a Teardrop cell
  • Howell Jolly Bodies are seen as inclusion in megaloblastic anemia
  • Heinz body is associated with G6PD Deficiency
  • Basophilic stippling is linked to Lead poisoning
  • Rouleaux formation is associated with Multiple Myeloma

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