Reconstruction Era and Amendments Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main focus of the 14th Amendment?

  • Prohibiting slavery in the United States.
  • Ensuring all citizens have the right to vote.
  • Guaranteeing due process and equal protection under the law.
  • Defining citizenship and its qualifications. (correct)

    • Which of the following best describes the impact of the 15th Amendment?

  • It established the process for naturalization.
  • It granted women the right to vote.
  • It abolished slavery nationwide.
  • It prohibited denying the right to vote based on race, color, or previous servitude. (correct)

    • Who was not initially granted the right to vote by the 15th Amendment?

  • Women of all races. (correct)
  • Former slaves.
  • African American men.
  • All male citizens.

    • What does the phrase "subject to the jurisdiction thereof" in the 14th Amendment refer to?

    <p>People who are under the authority of the U.S. government. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the 15th Amendment being ratified in February 1870?

    <p>It followed the abolishment of slavery and helped to secure voting rights for African Americans. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary effect of the 13th Amendment?

    <p>It abolished slavery throughout the United States. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year was the 13th Amendment ratified?

    <p>1865 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a provision of the 14th Amendment?

    <p>It abolished the institution of slavery nationwide. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which was the first Southern state to approve the 14th Amendment?

    <p>Tennessee (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a condition set by Congress for Southern states to be readmitted to the Union?

    <p>They had to approve the 14th Amendment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of "involuntary servitude" as stated in the 13th Amendment?

    <p>Forced labor or enslavement, except as punishment for a crime. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major disagreement between President Johnson and Congress during Reconstruction?

    <p>Whether Southern states needed to meet more conditions to rejoin the Union. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The purpose of the 14th Amendment can best be summarized as:

    <p>To define and guarantee equal citizenship and rights to all people born in the U.S. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main goal of Presidential Reconstruction?

    <p>To quickly reintegrate the former Confederate states back into the Union with minimal disruption. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which requirement was part of Lincoln’s plan for Reconstruction?

    <p>Ten percent of the state's voters must swear an oath of allegiance to the United States. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes President Andrew Johnson's approach to Reconstruction?

    <p>He took an approach that was similar to Lincoln but with less political skill. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amendment abolished slavery in the United States?

    <p>The 13th Amendment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What right was guaranteed by the 15th Amendment?

    <p>The right to vote regardless of race or former servitude. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the provided text, what does 'C' stand for in the image 'SICK CATS VOMIT'?

    <p>Citizenship (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the period of 1865-1877 known as?

    <p>The Reconstruction Era (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true concerning the relationship between the 14th amendment and citizenship in the United States?

    <p>It granted citizenship to all persons born in the US. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a primary reason Radical Republicans in Congress were resistant to Southern leaders working in Washington D.C. after the Civil War?

    <p>They believed these leaders should be punished for their role in the Confederacy and their lack of support for black Americans. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the immediate effect of the Reconstruction era 'Black Codes' implemented by Southern states?

    <p>They restricted the rights of black people, preventing them from voting, testifying against whites, or serving on juries. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action by the Republican-controlled Congress was a direct response to the Southern states' treatment of newly freed black Americans?

    <p>The introduction of the 14th Amendment, which granted citizenship and equal rights to African Americans. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is described as causing Georgia's economy to struggle during Reconstruction, despite efforts to rebuild infrastructure?

    <p>A continued heavy reliance on cotton production. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event directly led to the call for President Johnson's impeachment during the Reconstruction era?

    <p>His firing of Republican officials. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Besides racial discrimination what significant factor delayed Georgia's economic diversification until after the 1900's?

    <p>The continued dominance of the cotton industry. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a crucial economic goal for city leaders in Atlanta during the Reconstruction era, as explicitly mentioned?

    <p>To rebuild the destroyed railroads. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a direct, immediate effect of the 14th Amendment?

    <p>It ensured all black Americans were citizens of the United States and had the same rights as other citizens. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary reason for the establishment of sharecropping and tenant farming systems?

    <p>To address the need for labor in the absence of legal slavery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a key difference between sharecroppers and tenant farmers?

    <p>Tenant farmers generally owned their own tools and equipment, while sharecroppers did not. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the sharecropping and tenant farming systems often lead to debt for workers?

    <p>Workers could only buy goods from the land owners at inflated costs, leading to debt. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The end of Reconstruction led most directly to what?

    <p>The withdrawal of federal troops from the former Confederate states. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a common practice inside sharecropper’s homes, as mentioned in the content?

    <p>Using confederate money as wallpaper (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why was the presidential election of 1876 considered 'highly disputed'?

    <p>The Democratic candidate won the popular vote but lost the electoral college due to disputed state votes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary demand from Democrats in exchange for accepting Rutherford B. Hayes as President?

    <p>The removal of federal troops from Southern states. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the content suggest about the educational levels of sharecroppers and tenant farmers?

    <p>They typically lacked education and had limited opportunities for advancement. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    14th Amendment

    States that all persons born or naturalized in the U.S. are citizens.

    15th Amendment

    Prohibits denying the right to vote based on race or previous servitude.

    Citizenship criteria

    Eligibility for citizenship includes being born or naturalized in the U.S.

    Voting rights

    The rights given to citizens to participate in elections.

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    Historical amendments

    Key constitutional changes regarding citizenship and voting rights.

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    Reconstruction Era

    Period from 1865 to 1877 focused on rebuilding the South after Civil War.

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    President Johnson's Stance

    Johnson believed Southern states should rejoin the Union after 13th Amendment.

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    Congress's Reaction

    Congress wanted stricter terms for Southern states to rejoin the Union.

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    Equal Rights Guarantee

    The 14th Amendment guarantees all citizens equal rights under the law.

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    Southern States and 14th Amendment

    Southern states had to approve the 14th Amendment to be readmitted to the Union.

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    Tennessee Approval

    Tennessee was the first Southern state to approve the 14th Amendment.

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    Presidential Reconstruction

    First phase of Reconstruction directed by presidents, notably Abraham Lincoln.

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    Lincoln’s 10% Plan

    Required 10% of white male voters in a Confederate state to pledge allegiance for reentry.

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    Andrew Johnson

    Lincoln's Vice President who continued reconstruction but lacked support and skills.

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    Abolish Slavery

    To formally end the practice of slavery; a key requirement for Confederate states.

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    Sharecropping

    A system where workers farm land owned by someone else in exchange for a share of the crops.

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    Tenant Farming

    A farming system where farmers own some equipment and pay rent to farm land.

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    Labor Needs Post-Slavery

    After slavery ended, farms still needed labor which led to sharecropping and tenant farming.

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    Status of Sharecroppers

    Sharecroppers often lacked education and had little opportunity for advancement.

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    Indebtedness in Sharecropping

    Many sharecroppers fell into debt to landowners, trapping them in the system.

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    End of Reconstruction

    Marked by 1877, ending federal troops' presence in the South, leading to lasting impacts.

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    Compromise of 1877

    An agreement that allowed Rutherford Hayes to become president in exchange for ending Reconstruction.

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    Radical Republicans

    A faction of Northern Senators advocating for strict measures against the South and civil rights for African Americans.

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    Black Codes

    Laws enacted in the South to restrict the rights of newly freed blacks, including voting and testifying in court.

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    Impeachment of Johnson

    The political process initiated against President Johnson due to his opposition to Radical Republican policies and actions detrimental to their agenda.

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    Freedmen's Bureau

    A federal agency created to assist freed slaves and poor whites in the South during the Reconstruction Era.

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    Camilla Massacre

    An 1868 incident where political violence erupted against African Americans in Georgia, illustrating tensions during Reconstruction.

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    Economic impact of Reconstruction

    Despite rebuilding efforts, Georgia's economy struggled, remaining reliant on cotton while slowly diversifying later.

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    Georgia's cotton reliance

    Georgia's economy was heavily dependent on cotton, continuing into the early 20th century until changes brought diversification.

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    Study Notes

    Reconstruction Era (1865-1877)

    • Spanning from 1865 to 1877, this era followed the American Civil War.
    • Also known as the period of rebuilding the nation after the war.
    • Marked by significant political and social changes, including efforts to reintegrate Southern states into the Union, and address the status of formerly enslaved people.

    Amendments (AKS 36 a-e)

    • 13th Amendment (1865): Abolished slavery in the United States. Freed all enslaved people and in US territories. Initially, President Johnson advocated for quick reintegration of Southern states, but Congress disagreed, wanting further actions by these states.

    • 14th Amendment (1868): Granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the U.S., and ensured equal protection under the law. Tennessee at first approved, but Congress demanded other Southern states approve before they were readmitted to the Union.

    • 15th Amendment (1870): Ensured voting rights for all male citizens regardless of race. This amendment prohibited denying citizens the right to vote based on race, color, or previous servitude.

    Reconstruction Plans and Figures

    • Presidential Reconstruction: President Lincoln's initial plan for lenient reintegration of former Confederate states. Included requirements such as loyalty oaths and new state constitutions. However, he was assassinated before implementing this fully. Johnson took over and continued in similar terms, but his approach was later opposed by Congress.
    • Congressional Reconstruction: Congress, disagreeing with President Johnson's approach, took a more punitive and demanding approach to reintegrate former Confederate states. Military involvement and enforcement of Amendments became key. They imposed conditions that required Southern states to ratify the 14th Amendment before reentry into the Union. Implemented a Reconstruction Act creating military districts, effectively placing certain states under federal control.
    • Significant figures - Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Johnson, Ulysses S Grant.

    Reconstruction Issues and Events

    • Ku Klux Klan (KKK): A white supremacist terrorist group emerged as the Reconstruction era progressed. The KKK used violence and intimidation as a way to oppose black advancement. Efforts to establish their social control challenged the efforts of Reconstruction in the South.
    • Black Codes: Designed to restrict rights to formerly enslaved people, aiming to control labor, and enforce social hierarchy. These were implemented by Southern states, generating conflict with the federal government and triggering Congressional action via the 14th Amendment.
    • Sharecropping and Tenant Farming: Post-war economic systems in the South. Former landowners and former enslaved people participated in labor, but these systems often left sharecroppers and tenant farmers in a cycle of debt to landowners. Cotton production remained vital, but under new forms of labor relations.
    • Removal of Black Legislators: In Georgia, and other Southern states, black officials were expelled from their positions in the State legislature in part due to the political and social conflicts of the time.
    • Camilla Massacre: An event in which the KKK, and others, allegedly attacked hundreds of black marchers, resulted in violence, and intimidation.

    Economic Impacts

    • Continued struggle: Despite physical infrastructure rebuilding, Georgia's economic system was challenged. The reliance on cotton alongside new labor systems led to challenges, including high debt issues for farmers and sharecroppers.
    • Textile industry growth: Northern textile manufacturing investments expanded in the South, leading to the development of textile mill industries. These factories, however, contributed to the already existing issue of racial and socioeconomic inequality.

    Reconstruction's End

    • 1870s and 1876 election: The election of 1876 was intensely disputed, finally resulting in Rutherford Hayes being declared President, with terms related to military withdrawal from many Southern states. This effectively marked the end of the Reconstruction era.

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    Reconstruction Era (1865-1877) PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge of the Reconstruction Era from 1865 to 1877, a transformative period in American history following the Civil War. This quiz covers the significant political and social changes, including the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments that shaped the nation. Explore key themes such as the reintegration of Southern states and the status of formerly enslaved individuals.

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