Reconstruction Era (1865-1877) PDF

RECONSTRUCTION ERA (1865-1877) = AKS 36 (a-e) Click title for an overview of Reconstruction.*  Did you know? Sick Cats Vomit 13 TH SICK S...

RECONSTRUCTION ERA (1865-1877) = AKS 36 (a-e) Click title for an overview of Reconstruction.*  Did you know? Sick Cats Vomit 13 TH SICK S TH 14 CATS C 15TH VOMIT V © Brain Wrinkles  th 13 Amendment (1865) AKS 36 a: Amendments The 13th Amendment freed all slaves in the United States. Video * It abolished slavery in the US and any of its territories. President Johnson said that once the amendment passed, Southern states could come back into the Union. Congress did not agree with Johnson and thought the South should have to agree to more. © Brain Wrinkles  13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution It was approved by Abraham Lincoln in February 1865, but was not ratified until December. The 13th Amendment says, “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.” © Brain Wrinkles  Did you know? Sick Cats Vomit 13 TH SICK S = SLAVERY 14 TH CATS C 15TH VOMIT V © Brain Wrinkles  th 14 Amendment (1868) In 1868, Congress passed the 14th Amendment, which made all former slaves citizens of the United States. Video* It granted citizenship to all persons born in the United States, and it guaranteed all citizens equal rights under the law. At first, Tennessee was the only Southern state to approve it, but Congress told the Southern states they must approve it to be readmitted to the Union. © Brain Wrinkles  14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution The 14th Amendment says, “All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside.” © Brain Wrinkles  Did you know? Sick Cats Vomit 13 TH SICK S = SLAVERY 14 TH CATS C = CITIZENSHIP 15TH VOMIT V © Brain Wrinkles  th 15 Amendment (1870) ] In February 1870, the 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was ratified. Video* It declared that no citizen of the United States could be denied the right to vote on account of race, color, or previous servitude. The 15th Amendment granted the right to vote to all male citizens, and African Americans could now vote and run for office. © Brain Wrinkles  15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution The 15th Amendment says, “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the color, or previous condition of servitude.” Who is not in the photograph? © Brain Wrinkles  Did you know? Sick Cats Vomit 13 TH SICK S = SLAVERY 14 TH CATS C = CITIZENSHIP 15TH VOMIT V = VOTING © Brain Wrinkles  Reconstruction Amendments Description 13th Abolished slavery in the US Amendment and all of its territories Granted citizenship to all persons 14th born in the US and guaranteed Amendment them equal protection under the law Ensured that the right to vote could 15th not be denied because of race, or Amendment color, or previous conditions of © Brain Wrinkles servitude  RECONSTRUCTION ERA: AKS 36 b For a longer overview (15 min) of the Reconstruction plans, click here  RECONSTRUCTION ERA -During the Reconstruction Era of 1865-1877, there was great controversy on exactly how the former Confederate states would be readmitted to the Union and who would be in charge of the process. -The first phase of Reconstruction was known as Presidential Reconstruction as the presidents directed Reconstruction. -President Abraham Lincoln did not believe in punishing the South harshly and wanted the states brought back into the Union quickly. -His plan had three requirements of the former Confederate States: 1. 10% of the voters in the state (white men) had to swear an oath of allegiance (loyalty) to the United States. 2. The states had to write a new state constitution and form a new government. 3. The state must abolish slavery. -Lincoln was assassinated only 5 days after the Civil War ended, thus he was never able to complete his plan. -Lincoln’s Vice President, Andrew Johnson, now became president. -Johnson wanted to continue Lincoln’s plan of leniency. However, he was a Southerner, had said negative things about African Americans, and had nowhere near the leadership/political skills of Lincoln. He was essentially disliked by both Northerners and Southerners. RECONSTRTUCTION ERA  RECONSTRUCTION ERA Northern Senators, especially those called Radical Republicans, who favored harsher punishments for the South and more rights for newly freed black Americans, were aghast at having these high-ranking CSA officials in Congress and refused to allow them to work in D.C. Additionally, President Johnson was firing Republican officials he didn’t like, and there was a call for his impeachment. Finally, the Congressional members of congress (Radical Republicans) were appalled at the South’s treatment of the freedmen under laws that were known as Black Codes. Under these laws, black people were not allowed to vote, testify against whites in court, and could not serve as jurors. With the South’s treatment of Black Americans, the Republican Congress introduced the 14th amendment which made African-Americans citizens of the United States and required that they were given the same rights as all U.S. citizens. RECONSTRUCTION ERA  RECONSTRUCTION ERA Remember – at this time, Atlanta’s railroads had been destroyed so city leaders were eager to rebuild them. RECONSTRUCTION ERA: AKS 36 c Video on the Freedmen’s Bureau * © Brain Wrinkles RECONSTRUCTION ERA *Video on the Ku Klux Klan RECONSTRUCTION ERA  RECONSTRUCTION ERA: AKS 36 d Video on Jefferson Long, Georgia’s First Black Congressman  Henry McNeal Turner Video* © Brain Wrinkles RECONSTRUCTION ERA Camilla Massacre I see…. I wonder… I see…. I wonder… I see…. I wonder…  Economic Impact AKS 36 e Despite the rebuilding of railroads and buildings, Georgia’s economy continued to struggle. While some industry (textile mills) developed, Georgia’s economy remained heavily reliant on cotton. It would remain so into the 20th Century (1900s) until migration, the boll weevil, and technology brought more diversification to Georgia’s economy. With cotton still “king” a huge supply of labor was still needed and slavery was no longer legal. A system of sharecropping and tenant farming took hold... © Brain Wrinkles  Sharecropping and Tenant Farming While farm owners needed labor and people needed jobs, this system was generally exploitive to workers. For decades many African Americans and poor whites worked as sharecroppers and tenant farmers. They were usually not educated and had little chance to advance to better jobs. These workers owned no land. They worked the land of more wealthy people planting and harvesting the crops (often cotton). They exchanged their labor and portion of the crops to land owner in order to have work and oftentimes a place to live. Many times they became indebted to the land owners. While similar, tenant farmers usually owned their own tools, animals, and other equipment. Sharecroppers brought nothing but their labor to the agreement. © Brain Wrinkles  Young Sharecroppers Picking Cotton © Brain Wrinkles  Sharecroppers & Cotton Bales © Brain Wrinkles  Sharecroppers © Brain Wrinkles  Sharecropper’s Cabin Surrounded by Cotton © Brain Wrinkles  Confederate money was often used for wall paper. Inside a Sharecropper’s Home © Brain Wrinkles © Brain Wrinkles Before There Were Child Labor Laws (child labor in textile  Reconstruction Ends Georgia was readmitted to the Union in July of 1870. Reconstruction would continue until 1877. The presidential election of 1876 was highly disputed. The Democratic candidate, Samuel Tilden, received more popular and electoral votes. However, he was one electoral vote short due to the disputed states. A commission awarded all the disputed votes to the Republican candidate, Rutherford Hayes. Democrats were outraged. A compromise was reached where Democrats would accept Hayes as president. In return, troops would be withdrawn from the former Confederate states, effectively ending Reconstruction. Reconstruction and its end led to many long-lasting impacts on the United States. © Brain Wrinkles