Reconstruction Era Overview and Presidential Policies

<p>Equal protection under the law (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Laws to maintain white supremacy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Radical Republicans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Five military districts for governance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>How to build railroads in the South (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They gained the ability to own land and vote. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A return to slavery-like conditions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Instill fear and control African-Americans. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>15th Amendment. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Provided equal accommodations in public places. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hiram Revels. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Freedmen. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They aimed to promote white supremacy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Securing economic survival and political rights. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Andrew Johnson. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Northern industrialists. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Growing resentment towards the changes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They often accumulated debt. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They fostered independence from white control. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They impeached him. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He considered them unable to manage their own lives. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Radical Republicans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They were aghast and resistant to the changes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He vetoed a bill that established public schools for freedmen. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Renewed attempts to strip African-Americans of their rights. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They engaged in violent acts against blacks and local Republican leaders. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Take an oath of allegiance to the Union. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He preferred voting rights for educated and military-serving blacks. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To assist freedmen with education and basic needs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He sought their inclusion in the new government framework. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To limit the freedom and rights of African-Americans. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A significant setback in the process of Reconstruction reform. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He wanted Southern states to have autonomy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The commission awarded all electoral votes to Hayes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Filibuster the results and send the election to the House. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ending federal support for Republicans in the South. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Withdrew federal troops protecting African Americans. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Invalidated various Reconstruction laws protecting blacks from discrimination. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They remained poor farmers and fell behind the rest of the nation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Industrial development in the South. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Appointments included both Republicans and Southern Democrats. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They controlled the House of Representatives. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Desire for formal education (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Remaining in a 3rd world status until after the Second World War. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Howard, Atlanta, Fisk, and Morehouse (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A shortage of labor after losing compulsory labor force (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It perpetuated a cycle of debt and dependency (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Difficulty for white landowners in maintaining their labor force (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shifts from reformers to political manipulators (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A financial panic linked to corrupt practices (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A conspiracy to bribe government officials (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To gain political favor through stock offerings (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Greed and political corruption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secretary of Treasury Benjamin H. Bristow (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maintained social hierarchy and dependency (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Southern landowners (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adoption of sharecropping and tenancy systems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They needed written evidence of employment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Special tax if they were not farmers or servants. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To help the transition from slavery to emancipation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They were entitled to the same political rights as whites. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The bill was overridden by Congress. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>States from abridging equality before the law. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The military was employed to protect black property and citizens. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He escaped conviction by one vote. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The President from removing certain officeholders without Senate approval. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Edwin Stanton. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It aimed to enforce rights for newly freed African-Americans. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Punish them for their roles in the conflict. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There was suspicion of federal intervention in state matters. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Civil service reform (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nathaniel Bedford Forrest (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Panic of 1873 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To protect civil rights and suppress Klan violence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allowed Southern conservatives to regain political power (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By nominating a reform-oriented candidate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It awarded all contested votes to Hayes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Withdrawal of federal troops from Southern states (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Support for white supremacy and states' rights (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To align with hard-money bankers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scandals and corruption in politics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liberal Republican Party (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intimidation through violence and threats (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The period after the Civil War, focused on rebuilding the United States and resolving issues of Confederate readmission and African-American rights.

Formally abolished slavery in all states and territories.

Prohibited states from denying equal protection under the law to male citizens, regardless of race.

Granted African American males the right to vote.

The initial Reconstruction strategy (1865-1867), characterized by a lenient approach led by Andrew Johnson, who pardoned many Southerners and established new state governments.

Southern laws that aimed to maintain white supremacy and restrict the freedoms of recently freed African Americans.

Northerners who wanted a harsh approach to Reconstruction, punishing the South and protecting black rights.

Congressional laws dividing the South into military districts and outlining how new state governments were to be organized.

The attempt by Congress to remove President Johnson from office in 1868 due to his opposition to Reconstruction.

Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction, allowing a state to rejoin the Union if 10% of its voters swore loyalty to the Union.

A more stringent Reconstruction plan than Lincoln's, requiring a 50% loyalty oath and barring Confederates from participation.

A white supremacist terrorist group that targeted African Americans and Republican leaders in the South after the Civil War.

Federal agency created to aid newly freed African Americans in the South after the Civil War.

Political party of the South. Often opposed Radical Reconstruction efforts.

The period after the Civil War when the South was rebuilt and readmitted to the Union.

The removal of federal troops from the South, marked the end of Radical Reconstruction.

Lincoln's successor, who implemented a lenient Reconstruction plan.

A lenient approach to Reconstruction that aimed at reconciliation, with relatively few prosecutions and a swift return to Southern control.

A more punitive and progressive reconstruction effort that sought to reform the South fundamentally using federal power.

Legislation passed to nullify Black Codes and guarantee citizenship rights to African Americans.

President Johnson's lenient approach to Reconstruction, which pardoned many Confederate leaders and allowed Southern states to rejoin the Union with limited protections for African Americans.

A prominent Radical Republican representative from Pennsylvania who fiercely advocated for African American rights and opposed President Johnson's policies.

A powerful Radical Republican senator from Massachusetts who championed African American rights and clashed with Andrew Johnson.

A landmark piece of legislation passed by Congress that aimed to guarantee equal protection under the law to all citizens, regardless of race. President Johnson vetoed it but Congress overrode his veto.

A constitutional amendment adopted in 1868 that defined citizenship, granted equal protection under the law, and reduced representation for states that denied suffrage to African Americans.

This act imposed military rule over the South, divided it into five military districts, and outlined the conditions for Southern states to be readmitted to the Union.

Southerners who supported the Union cause during the Civil War and played a key role in shaping Reconstruction policies in the South.

A formal process by which a federal official can be removed from office for misconduct. It involves charges in the House of Representatives followed by a trial in the Senate.

A law designed to protect the President's cabinet members from being dismissed without the Senate's consent. This Act was a key factor in the impeachment of President Johnson.

Secretary of War under President Lincoln and Johnson. Johnson's attempt to remove him led to the impeachment charges against him.

A Radical Republican senator who would have become President if Johnson had been convicted. His views were unpopular among many.

The second President to be impeached in U.S. history, almost 130 years after Andrew Johnson.

Northerners who moved to the South after the Civil War, often seeking political office and economic opportunities. They were often seen as opportunistic and exploiting the South's vulnerability.

Southern whites who collaborated with the Carpetbaggers, often seeking political power and economic gain during Reconstruction.

A system where landowners provided land, tools, and sometimes food to sharecroppers who worked the land and shared their harvest with the landowner.

Emancipated African-Americans faced the challenges of securing economic survival, gaining equal political rights, and dealing with ongoing discrimination and violence.

The 15th Amendment granted African-American males the right to vote, prohibiting states from denying or abridging this right based on race, color, or prior servitude.

This law aimed to ensure equal accommodations in public places and ban exclusion of African-Americans from juries. However, its enforcement was weak.

Several factors led to its end, including: growing resistance in the South, the waning political will in the North, and the compromise of 1877 that settled the disputed presidential election.

They saw emancipation as an opportunity for independence and autonomy from white control. This was evident in the establishment of numerous African-American churches.

They sought to maintain white supremacy by using violence, intimidation, and terror to control African-Americans and suppress their rights.

They were disadvantaged economically, often lacking skills outside of plantation work. Sharecropping, with its high debt and reliance on white landowners, trapped many in a cycle of dependence.

Despite his lack of political experience, Grant's popularity and the support of African-American voters secured a margin of victory for him and the Republican party.

They saw the freedmen's vote as essential to their party's political power and control of the presidency. This motivated them to secure voting rights for African-Americans.

Moderates and conservatives within the party grew frustrated with efforts to reform the South, fearing they were alienating white voters in the North.

Schools established during Reconstruction to train African American teachers and ministers, examples include Howard, Atlanta, Fisk, and Morehouse.

A system where farmers rent land from landowners and pay rent with a portion of their crops.

A financial panic caused by a scheme to manipulate the gold market by Jay Gould and James Fisk, involving President Grant's brother-in-law.

A system of political patronage where government jobs and favors were given to supporters of the party in power.

A conspiracy of distillers to bribe government officials and defraud the government of taxes on liquor.

A scandal involving the transcontinental railroad, where insiders gave stock to influential members of Congress to avoid scrutiny.

A term synonymous with greed and corruption, arising from the numerous scandals of the Grant administration.

Self-governance, independence, and freedom of choice.

The economic conditions in the United States after the Civil War, marked by changes in labor, industry, and finance.

A period of rapid technological advancements, especially in manufacturing and transportation, that transformed the economy of the North.

Forced labor or servitude, such as slavery, where individuals have no choice in their employment.

A politician who uses tactics of manipulation, control, and self-interest to gain power and influence.

The practice of giving jobs and favors to supporters or allies, especially in politics.

Dishonest and illegal plans or arrangements often involving government officials and businesses to gain personal wealth or power.

An informal agreement made between the Democratic and Republican parties that allowed Rutherford B. Hayes to become president in exchange for the withdrawal of federal troops from the South, ending Reconstruction.

A vision of the South as a modern, industrialized region that would compete with the North, promoted by white Southerners after the Civil War.

The Compromise of 1877, the withdrawal of federal troops, and the Supreme Court decisions that weakened Reconstruction laws were major factors in ending the era.

Part of the Compromise of 1877, promising federal support for building a railroad connecting the South to the West.

One of the terms of the Compromise of 1877 where Hayes promised to end federal support for Republicans in the South.

Hayes promised Southern Democrats appointments in his cabinet as part of the Compromise of 1877.

The Compromise of 1877 led to the withdrawal of federal troops, the end of federal protection for African Americans, and a decline in their political and social rights.

In the 1880s and 1890s, the Supreme Court ruled against several Reconstruction laws aimed at protecting African American rights, contributing to its dismantling.

The South remained economically underdeveloped and poor for decades following Reconstruction, falling behind the rest of the nation.

The Compromise led to a shift in power back to white Southerners, ending federal protection for African Americans' rights, and continuing the legacy of economic and social inequality in the South.

A practice where victorious politicians reward their supporters with government jobs, regardless of qualifications.

Illegal or unethical use of political power for personal gain, often involving corruption and bribery.

A corrupt political machine in New York City, led by William Tweed, that stole millions from taxpayers through fraudulent contracts.

A faction of Republicans who broke away from the party in 1872, advocating for civil service reform, reduced tariffs, and an end to Reconstruction.

Efforts to replace political patronage with a merit-based system for hiring and promoting government employees.

A severe economic depression in the United States, triggered by overspeculation, overbuilding, and tight money policies.

Paper money issued by the US government during the Civil War, not backed by gold.

Conservative white Southerners who sought to regain political power after Reconstruction, advocating for states' rights and white supremacy.

The belief that white people are superior to other races, used to justify segregation, discrimination, and violence against minorities.

A white supremacist terrorist organization that terrorized African Americans and white reformers during Reconstruction.

Federal laws passed to protect African American voting rights and suppress Ku Klux Klan violence by giving federal authorities more power.

A law that pardoned most ex-Confederates, removing restrictions on their political participation.

Republican presidential candidate in 1876 whose victory, contested by Democrats, led to the Compromise of 1877.

Democratic presidential candidate in 1876 who won the popular vote but lost the election due to electoral disputes.