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Recombinant DNA Technology: Reasons for Lack of Success

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Recombinant DNA Technology: Reasons for Lack of Success

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Questions and Answers

Which type of DNA molecule is able to maintain itself by autonomous replication?

Nuclear DNA

Plasmid (correct)

Viral DNA

Mitochondrial DNA

What technology is used to fuse foreign DNA to isolated plasmids?

Gene editing

DNA sequencing

Polymerase chain reaction

Recombinant DNA technology (correct)

What is the main replicon used as a carrier for foreign DNA fragment?

Plant virus DNA

Animal virus DNA

Yeast plasmid

Bacterial plasmid (correct)

Why are small microbial plasmids popular as vectors in biotechnology?

They can be easily isolated as intact circular double-stranded molecules Signup and view all the answers

When did genetic modification of organisms become feasible?

When recombinant DNA technology was developed Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of a vector in recombinant DNA technology?

To serve as a carrier for foreign DNA fragments Signup and view all the answers

Why are small microbial plasmids popular as vectors in biotechnology?

They can be easily isolated as intact circular double-stranded molecules Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of recombinant DNA technology or DNA cloning technology?

To fuse foreign DNA to isolated plasmids and create hybrid molecules Signup and view all the answers

What enabled the fusion of any DNA fragment to replicons or vectors in recombinant DNA technology?

Recombinant DNA technology Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when free foreign DNA does not self-replicate during cell propagation/division?

Degradation through activity of cellular nuclease Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Early Attempts at Genetic Manipulation

After discovering DNA's role in hereditary properties, investigators tried to manipulate genetic properties of cells by adding foreign DNA to microbial, plant, or animal cells.
These attempts failed due to two main reasons:

Limitations of DNA Uptake

Only a limited number of bacterial species can spontaneously take up DNA.
Most bacteria, animal, and plant species are unable to take up DNA spontaneously.

Maintenance of Foreign DNA

Foreign DNA will only be maintained in a receptor cell if:
- It can replicate autonomously (e.g., circular DNA like bacterial chromosomes or plasmids).
- It is integrated into the recipient genome.
In all other cases, foreign DNA will not be propagated in cell culture and will eventually disappear.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the reasons for the lack of success in manipulating genetic properties through recombinant DNA technology. Learn about the challenges encountered when attempting to add foreign DNA to microbial, plant, or animal cells.