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Questions and Answers
Which of the following metals is the most reactive?
Copper readily reacts with cold water.
False
What type of reaction occurs when a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution?
Displacement reaction
The metal _____ is often used in jewelry due to its low reactivity.
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Match the following metals with their reactivity:
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Which of the following reactions produces hydrogen gas?
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Highly reactive metals require electrolysis for extraction from their ores.
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What is the general outcome of a metal reacting with an acid?
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Less reactive metals, like _____, react slowly with cold water.
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Which displacement reaction is represented by the equation Fe + CuSO₄ → FeSO₄ + Cu?
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Study Notes
Reactivity Series
- A list of metals arranged in order of decreasing reactivity.
- Explains how metals react with other substances, such as in displacement reactions and corrosion.
Most Reactive Metals
- Located at the top of the reactivity series.
- Examples: potassium, sodium, calcium.
- Readily lose electrons to form positive ions.
- React vigorously with water and acids.
- Extraction from ores requires electrolysis.
Least Reactive Metals
- Located at the bottom of the reactivity series.
- Examples: gold, silver, platinum.
- Relatively unreactive and found in their native (uncombined) state.
- Do not readily react with water or acids.
Displacement Reactions
- A more reactive metal can displace a less reactive metal from its salt solution.
- The more reactive metal has a stronger tendency to lose electrons and form positive ions.
- Example: Iron (Fe) displaces copper (Cu) from copper sulfate solution (CuSOâ‚„).
Reactions with Water
- Highly reactive metals (e.g., potassium, sodium) react violently with cold water, producing metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas.
- Example: 2Na(s) + 2H₂O(l) → 2NaOH(aq) + H₂(g)
- Less reactive metals (e.g., magnesium) react slowly with cold water but react readily with steam, producing metal oxide and hydrogen gas.
- Example: Mg(s) + H₂O(g) → MgO(s) + H₂(g)
- Unreactive metals (e.g., copper, gold) do not react with water.
Reactions with Acids
- Most metals react with acids (e.g., hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid) to produce a salt and hydrogen gas.
- Example: Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) → ZnCl₂(aq) + H₂(g)
- The rate of reaction depends on the reactivity of the metal. More reactive metals react more vigorously.
- Unreactive metals (e.g., gold, platinum) do not react with dilute acids.
Applications of the Reactivity Series
- Predicting the products of chemical reactions.
- Choosing suitable metals for specific purposes (e.g., less reactive metals for jewelry, more reactive metals for sacrificial protection).
- Understanding the extraction of metals from their ores.
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Description
This quiz explores the reactivity series of metals, detailing both the most and least reactive metals. It covers displacement reactions and how different metals interact with substances like water and acids. Test your knowledge of metal reactivity and their behaviors in various chemical reactions!
