18 Questions
What is the primary cause of ground subsidence?
Overexploitation of groundwater
Which of the following is a key advantage of watershed management?
Reduced flood risk
What is the primary cause of agricultural drought?
Low soil moisture
Which of the following is a key disadvantage of dams?
Displacement of people
What is the primary purpose of rainwater harvesting?
Groundwater recharge
Which of the following is a key technique of watershed management?
Soil erosion control
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of proper watershed management?
Reducing the scope for developmental activities like irrigation
Which technique involves capturing and storing rainwater from rooftops and other surfaces?
Rainwater harvesting
What is the primary function of soil in the nutrient cycle?
Facilitating the movement of nutrients between living and non-living components
Which of the following is NOT a factor influencing soil formation?
Human intervention
What is the study of soils in their natural environment called?
Pedology
Which of the following is NOT a process involved in soil formation?
Anthropogenic activities
What is the primary objective of rainwater harvesting?
All of the above
Which of the following is NOT a technique of rainwater harvesting?
Desalinating seawater
Which of the following is a primary advantage of watershed management?
All of the above
What is the primary purpose of water conservation?
All of the above
Which of the following statements about watershed management is NOT true?
Watershed management aims to increase the risk of droughts and floods
Which of the following is NOT a technique of rainwater harvesting mentioned in the text?
Installing water purification systems
Study Notes
Land Resources
- Proper utilization of marginal or waste lands through alternate land use systems to maximize productivity and scope for beneficial developmental activities.
- Development of rural areas with clear plans for improving the economy of the region.
Soil
- Soil is a dynamic natural body capable of supporting a vegetative cover, composed of weathered rocks, water, oxygen, and organic materials.
- Soil formation processes: physical weathering, chemical weathering, and biological weathering.
- Factors influencing soil formation: parent material, living organisms, climate, topography, and time.
- Soil types: Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic rocks.
- Soil profile functions: facilitating nutrient cycle, food and biomass production, storing water, regulating water supply, filtering groundwater, and serving as a biological habitat.
Water Conservation
- Decreasing runoff losses, reducing evaporation losses, storing water in soil, reducing irrigation losses, reusing water, and preventing wastage of water.
- Rainwater harvesting: modern rainwater harvesting, objectives, and techniques.
- Techniques of rainwater harvesting: constructing special structures like dug wells, percolation pits, lagoons, check dams, tanks, etc.
Watershed Management
- A watershed is an area of land that drains to a common location, varying in size from small streams to entire areas draining to an ocean.
- Advantages of watershed management: ensuring ecological balance, stabilizing income, minimizing risks of drought, landslides, floods, and reducing erosion and sediment production.
Water Cycle
- Source of water: surface water (rainfall, snow) and ground water (confined and unconfined aquifer).
- Overexploitation of ground water: ground subsidence, lowering water table, reduced surface water flow, increased power consumption, water logging, and ground water pollution.
Water Calamities
- Flood: types (flash, river, coastal), causes (upslope and downslope factors), and effects (loss of life and property, damage to crops, etc.).
- Drought: types (meteorological, hydrological, agricultural), causes (dry season, climate change, erosion, and human activity), and effects (decrease in crop growth, dust storm, famine, etc.).
Dams
- Advantages of dams: electricity generation, employment, irrigation water supply, drinking water supply, reduction in famine, and flood control.
- Disadvantages of dams: displacement of people, loss of forest, changes in aquatic environment, waterlogging, microclimatic changes, reduced water flow, flash flood, and salt water intrusion.
Test your knowledge on rainwater harvesting, a sustainable practice to conserve water and prevent outbreaks of vector-borne diseases. Learn the objectives and benefits of rainwater harvesting in domestic, industrial, and agricultural sectors.
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