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Questions and Answers
What is one of the primary objectives of rainwater harvesting?
What is one of the primary objectives of rainwater harvesting?
Which technique is NOT associated with rainwater harvesting?
Which technique is NOT associated with rainwater harvesting?
What is a significant benefit of watershed management?
What is a significant benefit of watershed management?
Which process is NOT involved in soil formation?
Which process is NOT involved in soil formation?
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Which type of rock forms through the solidification of molten magma?
Which type of rock forms through the solidification of molten magma?
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What is a major disadvantage of improper watershed management?
What is a major disadvantage of improper watershed management?
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Which factor does NOT influence soil formation?
Which factor does NOT influence soil formation?
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Which of the following is a method of surface runoff harvesting?
Which of the following is a method of surface runoff harvesting?
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What is the primary component of natural gas?
What is the primary component of natural gas?
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What is a common use of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)?
What is a common use of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)?
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What was the first year that electricity was produced from a nuclear reactor?
What was the first year that electricity was produced from a nuclear reactor?
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Which of these elements is NOT commonly used in nuclear energy production?
Which of these elements is NOT commonly used in nuclear energy production?
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What is a major disadvantage associated with nuclear energy?
What is a major disadvantage associated with nuclear energy?
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How much of India's electricity was supplied by nuclear power in 2017?
How much of India's electricity was supplied by nuclear power in 2017?
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Which process describes the joining of small nuclei into a larger nucleus in nuclear reactions?
Which process describes the joining of small nuclei into a larger nucleus in nuclear reactions?
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Which country derived about 70% of its total electricity from nuclear sources in 2018?
Which country derived about 70% of its total electricity from nuclear sources in 2018?
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What is the minimum height difference between high tide and low tide required to capture sufficient tidal energy?
What is the minimum height difference between high tide and low tide required to capture sufficient tidal energy?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of tidal energy generation?
Which of the following is NOT a type of tidal energy generation?
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What is the primary advantage of tidal energy compared to solar and wind energy?
What is the primary advantage of tidal energy compared to solar and wind energy?
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Which country has the largest tidal power facility as mentioned in the content?
Which country has the largest tidal power facility as mentioned in the content?
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What is one of the disadvantages of tidal energy related to the environment?
What is one of the disadvantages of tidal energy related to the environment?
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In which of the following locations is the geothermal energy potential in India estimated to be the highest?
In which of the following locations is the geothermal energy potential in India estimated to be the highest?
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What is the estimated geothermal energy potential capacity in India?
What is the estimated geothermal energy potential capacity in India?
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Which of the following is a disadvantage associated with geothermal energy extraction?
Which of the following is a disadvantage associated with geothermal energy extraction?
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What is the primary characteristic of anthracite coal?
What is the primary characteristic of anthracite coal?
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Which type of coal is considered the lowest grade with the least concentration of carbon?
Which type of coal is considered the lowest grade with the least concentration of carbon?
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What emissions are primarily produced from burning coal?
What emissions are primarily produced from burning coal?
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Which characteristic differentiates subbituminous coal from lignite?
Which characteristic differentiates subbituminous coal from lignite?
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What is peat primarily composed of?
What is peat primarily composed of?
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What is one of the main functions of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)?
What is one of the main functions of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)?
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Which of the following petroleum products is used as a lubricant?
Which of the following petroleum products is used as a lubricant?
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What is the process called that refines petroleum products?
What is the process called that refines petroleum products?
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Which of the following is NOT a cause of deforestation?
Which of the following is NOT a cause of deforestation?
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What effect does deforestation have on the hydrological cycle?
What effect does deforestation have on the hydrological cycle?
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Which of the following is a method of controlling deforestation?
Which of the following is a method of controlling deforestation?
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What is the primary difference between reforestation and afforestation?
What is the primary difference between reforestation and afforestation?
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Which of the following energy sources is considered non-renewable?
Which of the following energy sources is considered non-renewable?
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Which of the following is a potential problem associated with non-renewable energy sources?
Which of the following is a potential problem associated with non-renewable energy sources?
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What percent of India's total energy was sourced from coal in 2017?
What percent of India's total energy was sourced from coal in 2017?
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What is one socio-economic problem caused by deforestation?
What is one socio-economic problem caused by deforestation?
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Study Notes
Rainwater Harvesting
- Aims to meet water demand across domestic, industrial, and agricultural sectors.
- Contributes to groundwater recharge, raising the water table.
- Helps minimize groundwater pollution and reduces soil erosion, flooding, and runoff.
- Techniques include dug wells, percolation pits, lagoons, check dams, and tanks.
- Two primary methods: surface runoff harvesting and rooftop rainwater harvesting.
Watershed Management
- A watershed drains water to a common location and varies in size from small streams to ocean areas.
- Ensures ecological balance and stabilizes income despite adverse weather conditions.
- Reduces risks of natural disasters such as droughts, floods, and landslides.
- Encourages efficient land use on marginal or waste lands for various activities including domestic water supply and hydropower generation.
- Aids in rural development to enhance regional economies.
Soil Formation and Characteristics
- Soil is a dynamic body composed of weathered rocks, water, oxygen, and organic materials, supporting plant life.
- Formation processes involve physical, chemical, and biological weathering.
- Influencing factors include parent material, living organisms, climate, topography, and time.
Deforestation: Causes and Effects
- Primary causes include logging, road construction, agriculture expansion, overgrazing, mining, hydropower projects, and forest fires.
- Key effects include wildlife endangerment, biodiversity loss, hydrological cycle disruption, soil erosion, and increased risks of natural disasters.
- Socio-economic consequences include displacement, cultural threats, and revenue loss.
Deforestation Control Methods
- Prohibiting mining in protected forests and enforcing sustainable logging practices.
- Implementing extensive reforestation and afforestation initiatives.
- Promoting community involvement in forest conservation programs and raising public awareness.
Energy Resources Overview
- Energy defined as the capacity to perform work; major resources include coal, hydroelectric, wind, solar, biomass, and nuclear.
- In India (2017):
- Coal contributes 72%-76.5% of energy.
- Hydroelectric plants account for 9.9%, and wind energy for 3.7%.
Renewable vs. Non-renewable Energy
- Non-renewable sources: coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear energy, face challenges like pollution and resource depletion.
- Renewable sources include solar, wind, hydro, tidal, geothermal, and biomass, offering cleaner alternatives.
Coal Types and Emissions
- Types of coal:
- Anthracite (hard, high carbon content).
- Bituminous (common for electricity generation).
- Subbituminous (higher heating value than lignite).
- Lignite (lowest grade, brown coal).
- Emissions from coal burning include sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, particulates, carbon dioxide, and heavy metals, linking to health and environmental issues.
Petroleum and Natural Gas
- Petroleum is a mixture of hydrocarbons used in fuels like petrol, diesel, and plastics, refined through fractional distillation.
- Natural gas is the cleanest fossil fuel, primarily methane, with high calorific value, increasingly used as an alternative to traditional fuels.
Nuclear Energy
- Nuclear energy derives from fission and fusion processes, with uranium and thorium as primary elements.
- Advantages include high energy output from minimal fuel.
- Limitations involve potential accidents, waste management, and reactor lifespan.
Tidal Energy
- Captures energy from tidal movements for electricity generation, requiring significant tide height.
- Advantages: predictable, minimal pollutants, and manageable land use.
- Notable sites for tidal energy in India include the Gulf of Khambhat and the Gulf of Kutch.
Geothermal Energy
- Harnesses Earth's internal heat, using natural geysers or drilled wells.
- Advantages include low emissions and reliable production; disadvantages involve high investment and possible harmful emissions.
- India holds untapped potential for over 10,000 MW of geothermal energy.
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Description
Explore the essential techniques and objectives of modern rainwater harvesting in this quiz. Learn how it contributes to domestic, industrial, and agricultural water needs while benefiting the environment by raising the water table and minimizing pollution. Test your knowledge on sustainable water practices.
