Railway Engineering: Ballast Cushion Volumes on Curves
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Railway Engineering: Ballast Cushion Volumes on Curves

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Questions and Answers

What is the minimum formation width that shall be ensured for new works in both embankment and in cuttings?

  • 15000 mm
  • 12000 mm
  • 13160 mm (correct)
  • 14000 mm

    • In doubling work of existing lines, what cross-slope need not be disturbed in the existing old formation?

  • 1 in 60
  • 1 in 50
  • 1 in 30
  • 1 in 40 (correct)

    • Why are suitable dwarf walls provided in case of cuttings?

  • For aesthetic purposes
  • For retaining ballast (correct)
  • For draining water
  • For supporting the track

    • Where is super elevation not considered in calculating various dimensions?

    <p>Nowhere, it is always considered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is the cess width on existing track increased on a programmed basis?

    <p>Wherever the minimum cess width is not ensured</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of identifying weak formation in tracks?

    <p>To adopt a 4-step action plan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the depth of penetration in ballast penetration profile of 'W' shape?

    <p>30 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the last step in the 4-step action plan for weak formation?

    <p>Ensure no loose or missing fittings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of collecting data on the number of attentions to track?

    <p>To obtain an idea about track maintainability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended frequency for obtaining ballast penetration profiles?

    <p>At every hectometer/O.H.E.mast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of identifying the exact nature of present trouble?

    <p>To pinpoint the cause of the trouble for effective remedial action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where should undisturbed soil samples be collected from?

    <p>From all the above locations as necessary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of taking two cross sections of the bank?

    <p>To conduct a soil investigation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended size of sampling tubes for collecting undisturbed soil samples?

    <p>100 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of collecting data on man-days utilised for maintenance per Km?

    <p>To understand track maintainability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are two sections taken in the slipped portion and one section at the toe adjoining the site where slip has not occurred?

    <p>To compare the soil conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended depth of ballast cushion in the case of curves sharper than 600 M radius for ordinary fish plated track?

    <p>400 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum formation width that should be ensured for new works in both embankment and in cuttings?

    <p>7850 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cross-slope that shall be provided for new works?

    <p>1 in 30</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended depth of ballast cushion in the case of curves of radius flatter than 600 M for ordinary fish plated track?

    <p>350 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the volume of ballast cushion required for curves of radius flatter than 600 M for ordinary fish plated track with a depth of 350 mm?

    <p>2.282 M3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended depth of ballast cushion in the case of curves sharper than 600 M radius for short welded panel track?

    <p>450 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended gauge sleeper for PRC with a gauge of 1676 mm?

    <p>350 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the volume of ballast cushion required for curves of radius sharper than 600 M for ordinary fish plated track with a depth of 250 mm?

    <p>1.820 M3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of T-696 to 699 fish plates?

    <p>Combination fish plate for 60 Kg (UIC) and 52 Kg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of sleeper is used for Guard Rail on Bridge and approach?

    <p>PSC Sleeper for Guard Rail on Bridge and approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of RDSO/T-2572 Glued Insulated Rail Joint?

    <p>For use on B.G. 60kg (UIC)-G3(L) rail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of RT-7014 to 7021 nylon cord reinforced GRSP?

    <p>For placing beneath crossing portion in 1 in 12 turnouts on PSC sleepers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of sleeper is used for Re-Railing Ramp On 52 Kg Running Rail?

    <p>PSC Sleeper for Re-Railing Ramp On 52 Kg Running Rail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of T-2495 and T-2496 fish plates?

    <p>For Prestressed Concrete Sleeper for 60kg / 52 kg Rail designed for 22.9 t Axle load</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of RT-5848 and RT-5849 joggled fish plates?

    <p>For use on welded joint for B.G. 52 Kg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of sleeper is used for SEJ?

    <p>PSC sleeper for SEJ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of bores made at the top of Embankment, Mid Slope of Embankment, and near Toe?

    <p>To collect soil samples for comparison with stable bank soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of soil testing in determining remedial measures for slope failure?

    <p>It provides information on the soil behaviour and required remedial measures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of referring to RDSO's guidelines/specifications for Earthwork?

    <p>To get guidance on formulating remedial measures for slope failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of making one set of bores from an adjoining stable bank?

    <p>To compare the soil behaviour with the failed slope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of insulated joints in track circuited sections?

    <p>To provide electrical insulation between tracks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of past failure history in determining remedial measures for slope failure?

    <p>It provides information on the required remedial measures for slope failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of providing adequate drainage arrangement in slope protection?

    <p>To reduce the risk of slope failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of site investigation in determining remedial measures for slope failure?

    <p>It provides information on the soil behaviour and required remedial measures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Ballast Cushion and Formation

    • Ballast cushion depth varies depending on the radius of the curve:
      • For curves flatter than 600 M radius, the depth is 1.769 M3 (250 mm), 2.022 M3 (300 mm), and 2.282 M3 (350 mm).
      • For curves sharper than 600 M radius, the depth is 1.820 M3 (250 mm), 2.078 M3 (300 mm), and 2.344 M3 (350 mm).
    • In the case of ordinary fish-plated track, the ballast cushion depth should be increased to 400 mm on the outside of curves sharper than 600 M radius.
    • In short welded panel track, the ballast cushion depth should be increased to 400 mm on the outside of all curves flatter than 875 M radius and to 450 mm in curves sharper than 875 M radius.
    • In curves of turnouts in passenger yards, the ballast cushion depth should be increased to 550 mm on the outside of turnouts.

    Gauge Sleeper

    • The dimensions of gauge sleeper vary depending on the type of sleeper:
      • PRC sleeper: 250 mm, 350 mm, and 500 mm
      • Other types of sleepers: 2785 mm, 2943 mm, 13160 mm, 707 mm, 5300 mm, and 1676 mm

    Formation Classification and Treatment

    • Formation requiring treatment should be classified based on the following conditions:
      • Stretches having speed restrictions due to weak formation
      • Stretches where more than normal track attention is required
      • Stretches where ballast penetration profile is of 'W' shape and maximum depth of penetration is more than 30 cm
    • The 4-step action plan for weak formation includes:
      • Making the formation width, cess level, and side drains strictly in accordance with prescribed profile
      • Carrying out shallow screening of ballast section (or deep screening where required)
      • Ensuring no loose or missing fitting
      • Cracks on the cess

    Soil Investigation and Testing

    • Soil investigation should be carried out to identify the nature of the present trouble:
      • Undisturbed soil samples should be collected at every hectometer/O.H.E. mast
      • Soil samples should be collected from various depths and locations, including the formation below the depth up to which the ballast has penetrated
      • Two cross-sections of the bank should be taken by means of precise levelling
    • Remedial measures should be decided based on site investigation, soil testing, and past failure history

    Insulated Joints and Switch Expansion Joints

    • Insulated joints are used to electrically insulate track circuited sections:
      • Description of insulated joints
      • Types of insulated joints, including fish-plate EDO/T-2242, joggled fish plates, and combination fish plates
    • Switch expansion joints are used to accommodate the expansion and contraction of rails:
      • Description of switch expansion joints
      • Types of switch expansion joints, including PSC sleepers and nylon cord reinforced GRSP

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    Description

    Calculate ballast cushion volumes for railway tracks with different radii and plate types. Important for railway engineering and track construction.

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