Railway Engineering: Auxiliary Track Methods
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Questions and Answers

What is the thickness of the MS plate mentioned in the content?

  • 25 mm (correct)
  • 20 mm
  • 30 mm
  • 35 mm

    • What is the purpose of the grooves mentioned in the construction?

  • To accommodate single flanged wheels
  • To accommodate double flanged wheels (correct)
  • To support the weight of the structure
  • To provide drainage for water

    • What is the configuration of the wooden blocks used for assembly?

  • 2000x2000 mm
  • 1000x1000 mm
  • 1500x1500 mm (correct)
  • 750x750 mm

    • Which of the following dimensions is associated with the release tie bars?

    <p>3x250 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distance C mentioned for assembling or stacking new panels?

    <p>100 m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How thick should the top of the wooden block be according to the specifications?

    <p>100 mm to 150 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What angle is the rail section bent at for the turntable?

    <p>90°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diameter of the MS plate used for the turntable?

    <p>1050 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the wooden sleeper blocks mentioned in the content?

    <p>To join the release tie bars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the continuous rail mentioned in the document?

    <p>To support the portal crane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of the pulling method for laying new panels?

    <p>The rake is pulled away from the work site.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of laying new panels is utilized when approaching areas where the auxiliary track cannot continue?

    <p>Pushing mode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of portal cranes in the track renewal process?

    <p>To lay new panels in correct alignment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of scarifying the ballast bed manually during track renewal?

    <p>To prepare the site for new panel installation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what situation would the parting mode of laying new panels be most effective?

    <p>In jumbo traffic blocks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of track is used for laying new panels when rail renewal is included?

    <p>New rail panels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is included in a typical rake formation used for track relaying?

    <p>A combination of loaded and empty wagons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is a proper ramp necessary at the beginning and end of track renewal work?

    <p>To prevent accidents during train operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if one portal breaks down during a traffic block?

    <p>Cut the panel into two pieces and use one portal for each half.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary for the gripping location in a diamond crossing layout?

    <p>It must be adjusted to accommodate crossings at both ends.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred rail section for the existing turnout when replacing it?

    <p>It should be of the same section as that of the new turnout.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done to point machines during turnout replacement?

    <p>Point machines must be disengaged.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many wooden blocks should be kept ready for facilitating passage of crawler on obstacles?

    <p>60 wooden blocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ideal distance from the base depot to the remotest work site?

    <p>30 – 40 kms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many lines should the base depot have connected to a shunting neck for effective operations?

    <p>Three lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of crane is recommended for installation to enhance depot working?

    <p>Gantry crane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended height for gantry cranes from rail level?

    <p>6.5 m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum number of BFRs that the track laying rake should have?

    <p>16</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What facility should the base depot offer for its staff?

    <p>Camping facilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary for night operations at the base depot?

    <p>Illumination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of connections should the base yard depot have?

    <p>ZMD control and HQ communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be provided in the base depot for the movement of portal cranes?

    <p>Auxiliary track</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which utility is essential for the base depot to facilitate welding and repairs?

    <p>3 phase electric supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of employing a Ballast Regulator, Tamping machine, and Dynamic Track Stabilizer?

    <p>To enable raising of speed to normal in the shortest possible time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done before restoring speed to normal?

    <p>Conduct in-situ welding of joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should de-stressing of Long Welded Rails (LWR) occur?

    <p>Immediately after welding the rail panels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which unit is NOT part of the AMECA T-28 machine?

    <p>Gantry crane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What precaution should be taken regarding ballast during TRT working?

    <p>Excess ballast should be avoided to prevent drag on the machine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the two Portal Cranes in the AMECA T-28?

    <p>To lift and handle complete turnout assemblies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should NOT be allowed during TRT working?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential action after final tamping of the track at level crossings?

    <p>Check rails must be provided</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following positions is considered unsafe during TRT operations?

    <p>Close to the moving gantry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structural element should be provided at approved locations as per LWR/CWR plans?

    <p>Switch Expansion Joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for loading PSC sleepers on special BFRs to ensure proper functionality?

    <p>Provide wooden battens of 75 mm × 75 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary location criterion for the base depot in relation to the working area?

    <p>Should be centrally located within 30-40 km lead</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ensures proper line and level of auxiliary track for TRT operations?

    <p>Utilization of a 3400/3700 mm gauge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor must be considered when ensuring the condition of sleepers at the work site?

    <p>Weather conditions affecting the material durability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What modification is needed for BFRs in relation to track renewal operations?

    <p>Modify 30 nos. BFRs for effective loading</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the width of the wooden sleeper blocks described in the construction?

    <p>250 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the fishplate mentioned in the construction?

    <p>To provide a joint for rail sections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the wooden blocks be placed on for proper installation according to the specifications?

    <p>A well compacted bed of ballast and earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate thickness for the MS plate mentioned in the construction for the turntable?

    <p>25 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the height of the groove that is required to accommodate the double flanged wheel of the portal crane?

    <p>40 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distance is specified for the placement of BFRs for loading new panels?

    <p>150 m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the dimensions of the fishplate used in combination with the wooden blocks?

    <p>610 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total width of the wooden blocks used according to the specifications?

    <p>1500 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum connection length required for the shunting neck in the base depot?

    <p>350 m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many auxiliary tracks should ideally be provided in the base depot for portal crane movement?

    <p>Two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What height is recommended for gantry cranes installed in the base depot?

    <p>6.5 m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the optimal distance for the base depot to the remotest work site?

    <p>30 - 40 kms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What electric supply type is necessary for the base depot to support welding and repairs?

    <p>3 phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many BFRs should a track laying rake ideally possess?

    <p>20 - 22 BFRs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What essential facility should the base depot have for staff accommodations?

    <p>Camping facilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is illumination important in the base depot?

    <p>To ensure safe night operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of communication link is recommended for the base yard depot?

    <p>With Engg.control, ZMD control, and HQ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum number of lines for smooth depot operations?

    <p>Three lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be the maximum out of squareness of the sleepers during panel fabrication?

    <p>10 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum tolerance for spacing of sleepers during the fabrication process?

    <p>+/- 20 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the suggested gauge distance for laying auxiliary tracks?

    <p>3400 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cutting method should NOT be used for service rails during panel fabrication?

    <p>Gas cutting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What activity must occur simultaneously with the dismantling of released panels?

    <p>Fabrication of new panels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum thickness for the marking of sleeper spacing?

    <p>1 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of supports should NOT be extended beyond 250 mm inside the track when laying auxiliary track?

    <p>Wooden blocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done with the remaining quantity of screened ballast after relaying?

    <p>It needs to be trained out</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following should be ensured during the installation of greased ERCs?

    <p>They should be properly placed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What special care should be taken when preparing auxiliary track in curves?

    <p>Avoid major alignment adjustments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary rationale for fabricating extra track panels at the base depot?

    <p>To maintain a buffer stock for immediate work demands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a necessary action before entering the block section for maintenance work?

    <p>Verify the operational status of the emergency back-up system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the operation should the sequence of portals be arranged for maximum output?

    <p>After the removal of existing track panels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What precaution should be taken regarding track panels during varying temperature conditions?

    <p>Proper gaps must be kept at joints considering rail temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be ensured regarding the attachment of discharge rods and earthing before unloading portals?

    <p>They should be attached and earthed to the running track.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it crucial to maintain a sufficient labor force during track alignment and linking tasks?

    <p>To facilitate safe passage for trains after clearing the block.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What operational consideration must be prioritized when working near structures like girder bridges?

    <p>Planning the working direction of TLE well in advance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum allowable ramp steepness at the gap between the old and new tracks?

    <p>25 mm / rail length of 12.6 m.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect must be taken into account when laying fabricated panels on curved tracks?

    <p>Correct squareness of joints and sleeper squaring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of block arrangement should be coordinated for effective operation during track work?

    <p>Adequate traffic blocks along with power blocks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Auxiliary Track

    • Auxiliary track (AT) uses new rail panels during track renewal.
    • When not renewing rails, released rails are used for AT.
    • A typical rake formation for relaying includes a diesel locomotive, TLE (track laying equipment), flat railway wagons with new panels, and empty BFRs (ballast, fitting and rail) for loading released panels.

    Laying New Panels

    • Three methods are used depending on site conditions: pulling, pushing, and parting.
    • Pulling: Rake is pulled away from work site, allowing new track to be used for post-laying work - the most common method.
    • Pushing: Rake is pushed towards the work site, moving on the newly laid track, used when approaching bridges or yards where auxiliary track cannot continue.
    • Parting: Rake is divided into two parts, reducing travel time for portals in jumbo traffic blocks.

    Portal Cranes

    • Portal cranes (TLE) are unloaded from flat railway wagons onto the auxiliary track.
    • Old panels are removed and loaded onto the TLE rake.
    • The ballast bed is scarified manually, and new panels are laid at the site by portal cranes, using a distance gauge.
    • A ramp is provided at the beginning and end of the work for train operation.

    Base Depot Layout

    • It is desirable to locate the base depot in a central position to minimize travel time to work sites.
    • The base depot should have road access, electric power supply, and watering facilities.
    • Ideally, base depot tracks should have entry and exit on both sides from the running line.

    Base Depot Requirements

    • Base depot should have at least three lines (about 500 meters each) connected to a shunting neck (at least 350 meters).
    • Two lines should have an auxiliary track (AT) for portal crane movement.
    • A motorized gantry crane on the auxiliary tracks alongside the third portal crane is beneficial for moving sleepers, rails, and panels.
    • Illumination for nighttime operations, plug points for 3-phase electric supply, and communication connectivity with engineering control, ZMD control, HQ and the work site are important for safe and efficient operations.

    Base Depot: Other Considerations

    • Camping facilities for staff and storage for new and released material are needed.
    • The track laying rake should have at least 16 BFRs, ideally 20-22 BFRs.

    Track Renewal (TRT)

    • Ballast Regulator, Tamping machine, and Dynamic Track Stabilizer are deployed to raise speed back to normal quickly.
    • In-situ welding of joints is done before restoring speed to normal.
    • Switch Expansion Joints are provided at locations as per approved LWR/CWR plans.
    • Check rails are provided at level crossings after final tamping.

    Track Renewal (TRT): Precautions and De-Stressing

    • The ballast bed should be fully consolidated before TRT work to prevent settlements.
    • Excess ballast should not be unloaded in advance to avoid excessive drag on the machine.
    • Keys should not be opened prematurely, only when the machine approaches the renewal site.
    • Caution should be taken near the TRT machine, modified BFRs, gantry rails, and BFRs while the gantry is moving.
    • Rail seats should not be used for seating, and the top of the TRT should not be accessed without OHE (Overhead Electrified) block in electrified sections.
    • De-stressing of LWR (Long Welded Rail) should be done immediately after welding rail panels.

    Points and Crossing Laying/Changing Machine (PCCM)

    • The PCCM used on the Indian Railways is T-28, manufactured by M/s AMECA of Italy.
    • It lays and replaces complete turnouts.
    • The T-28 consists of two portal cranes (30 t capacity each) that can handle a complete turnout (around 54 t), and can also handle normal track.

    AMECA T-28 Units and Laying Half Panels

    • Portal Cranes (2 Nos.) - Can handle a complete turnout (60 kg 1 in 12 weighing about 54 t), and can also be used to handle normal track.
    • Diamond Crossing Layout - Gripping location for portal cranes should be adjusted accordingly.
    • Portal Position - Portals should be adjusted to distribute the load equally.
    • Laying Half Panel - In case of a breakdown of one portal, the fabricated panel can be laid by cutting it into two pieces (less than 30 t each) and using one portal for each half.

    T-28 Pre-Block Operations

    • New Turnout Assembly - New turnouts are assembled using a jib crane near the site. Fittings are tightened, ERCs (Elastic Rail Clips) and inserts are greased. If a suitable location is not available, assembly is done elsewhere and transported by trolleys.
    • Turnout Loading - The assembled turnout is loaded onto trolleys for transportation.
    • Rail Sections - Rails on either side of the existing turnout should ideally be of the same section as the new turnout. A rail length of the same section on either side should be kept ready, or changed in advance.
    • Deep Screening - Deep screening should be done for the turnout portion, ensuring sufficient cushion and drainage. Rail levels on either side of the turnout should be taken.
    • Point Machines and S&T Gears - Point machines are disengaged, and S&T gears are disconnected.
    • Ballast Removal - Ballast from the crib and shoulder of sleepers should be removed up to the sleeper bottom.
    • Wooden Blocks - 60 wooden blocks (approximately 60 cm long) should be kept ready for facilitating the passage of the crawler on obstacles.

    Base Depot Layout

    • Base depots should be located centrally within 30–40 km of work sites.
    • Depots should be accessible by road and have facilities including electric power and water supply.
    • Tracks should have entry and exit points on both sides from the running line.
    • Base depots require a minimum of three lines of about 500 meters each, connected to a shunting neck of at least 350 m.
    • Two of the three lines should have auxiliary tracks (AT) for portal crane movement.
    • A motorized gantry crane, in addition to the third portal crane, is recommended to move sleepers, rails, and panels.
    • Gantry cranes should have a minimum height of 6.5 m from rail level to facilitate portal crane repairs.

    Base Depot Operations

    • Illumination is essential for safe night operations.
    • Adequate plug points with three-phase electric supply are required for welding and repair of relaying equipment.
    • Clear communication links are needed between the depot, Engineering Control, ZMD Control, Headquarters, and the worksite.
    • The depot must have camping facilities for staff and storage space for both new and released materials.

    Track Laying Rake Operations

    • The track laying rake should have at least 16 BFRs and ideally 20–22 BFRs.

    Pre-Relaying Operations at Base Depot

    • PSC sleepers are unloaded from the rake and stacked in the TLE depot.
    • New panels are fabricated, including greasing of ERCs (Elastic Rail Clips) and inserts.
    • Released track panels are unloaded.
    • Pre-fabricated new track panels are loaded.
    • These activities should occur concurrently for efficient working and maximum output.
    • Simultaneous dismantling of released panels is crucial.
    • Panel fabrication requires meticulous attention to detail:
      • Ensuring sufficient service rail stock.
      • Cutting service rails at both ends and drilling holes with a drilling machine, chamfering them. Gas cutters are prohibited.
      • Marking sleeper spacing on the full rail section.
      • Precise sleeper spacing with a tolerance of +/- 20 mm.
      • Correctly driven and greased ERCs, proper placement of GRPs, and correct liner setting.

    Pre-Relaying Operations at Worksite

    • Track may be deep screened in advance of relaying, if planned.
    • Remaining screened ballast should be trained out after relaying.
    • Auxiliary track (AT) should be laid at a 3400 mm gauge, aligning with the centerline of the main line track.
    • CST-9 plates or wooden blocks should be used at 1.5 to 2.0 m distances for laying the auxiliary track.
    • Support for the AT should not extend beyond 250 mm inside the track.
    • The length of the auxiliary track should match the daily progress of work.
    • AT preparation in curves requires special care, ensuring curve alignment and minimizing SE (Superelevation) adjustments, especially during summer months.
    • Fabricating additional track panels in the base depot creates a daily buffer, preventing worksite delays due to depot limitations.
    • Areas where AT cannot be provided, such as girder bridges, near P & C (points and crossings), and station yards, require advance planning for the working direction of track laying equipment.
    • Panels incorporating special sleepers like LC (crossing) and bridge sleepers should be fabricated and loaded according to specific requirements.
    • Power and crew arrangements should be pre-arranged.
    • The sequence, arrangement of rake formation, and machine positioning should be planned and conveyed to the ASM on duty.
    • Before entering a block section, emergency backup systems on machinery must be checked and confirmed to be functional. Duplex and simplex chains should be tested.

    Operations During Block

    • Adequate traffic and power blocks should be arranged.
    • Track protection and staff safety in the block area are paramount.
    • After attaching discharge rods (jumpers) and ensuring the AT is earthed to the running track on both sides, portals should be unloaded.
    • The first step involves removing necessary existing track panels to create a working space.
    • Portals should be sequenced to maximize output.
    • An adequate workforce should be available for the alignment and linking of tracks, ballast filling, and sleeper packing for safe train passage after clearing the block. If TRR (Track Renewal Rake) is planned, separate labor with a supervisor should be assigned.
    • During panel laying, appropriate gaps should be maintained at joints based on rail temperature and the working season, especially on curved tracks. Squareness of joints and sleeper squaring are critical.
    • At the end of the day's work, the gap between the old and new tracks should be closed using rail closures on both rails, creating a ramp with a gradient no steeper than 25 mm / 12.6 m rail length.

    Track Renewal Rake (TRT) Operations

    • The TRT moves forward, threading out old rails and threading in new rails using guiding rollers along its length during the threading process.
    • Fittings are fixed at the rear of the TRT after threading.

    Operations Prior to TRT Deployment

    • Base Depot
      • Ensuring proper selection of the base depot site, prioritizing central location (30-40 km lead) for easy access to the working area.
      • Ensuring availability of essential facilities including water, electricity, and communication systems.
      • Provisioning of adequate accommodation for both machine and P.way (Permanent Way) staff.
      • Providing sufficient stock of new sleepers, elastic rail clips, liners, and rail pads.
      • Ensuring proper line and level of auxiliary track for 3400/3700 mm gauge for portal operation, if necessary, to load and unload sleepers.
      • Modifying 30 BFRs (Ballast Free Rail) for a TRT set.
    • Work Site
      • Checking the condition of sleepers.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the processes involved in the use of auxiliary track in railway engineering, including the methods of laying new panels and the equipment used such as portal cranes. Understand the different techniques employed during track renewal and their applications based on site conditions.

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