30 Questions
All radiopharmaceuticals are used for diagnostic purposes only.
False
Radionuclides are produced in nuclear reactors and hospitals.
False
Radiopharmaceuticals are administered topically and orally.
False
The term radiopharmacy is also used for the laboratory where these activities are carried out.
False
Radioisotopes are naturally occurring unstable atoms of a naturally occurring element.
False
There are over 500 radioisotopes known to occur.
False
All radioisotopes are naturally occurring.
False
The half-life of a radioisotope determines the rate of conversion to its stable elemental composition.
True
Radiopharmaceuticals are prepared by doctors in a hospital setting.
False
The high-energy radiation released by radiopharmaceuticals is used to destroy healthy cells and tissue.
False
Radiopharmaceuticals are used to accumulate in healthy tissues and cells in the body.
False
Radiopharmaceuticals are regulated only as medicinal products.
False
In beta plus decay, a neutron decays into a proton, an antineutrino, and a positron.
False
The atomic number of the daughter nucleus is always one more than the parent in beta decay.
False
In electron capture, an orbiting electron combines with a nuclear neutron to form a proton and a neutrino.
False
The total number of nucleons always changes in beta decay.
False
Tritium decays to radioactive helium through alpha decay.
False
In beta minus decay, a proton decays into a neutron, an electron, and an antineutrino.
False
Beta particles have an energy of 1 MeV.
False
Beta minus decay results in a decrease in atomic number.
False
Gamma rays are the least penetrating electromagnetic radiation.
False
Beta plus decay occurs in fission nuclear reactors.
False
Gamma radiation is produced by the decay of stable nuclei.
False
Positrons are emitted during beta minus decay.
False
One curie is defined as 3.7 x 10^9 atoms disintegrating per second.
False
The microcurie is one thousandth of a curie.
False
The becquerel is equal to 10^3 disintegrations per second.
False
The rad is a unit of measurement for radioactivity.
False
The kilobecquerel is equal to 10^6 disintegrations per second.
False
One erg is equal to 10^-8 Joules.
False
Study Notes
- In beta decay, the total number of nucleons remains unchanged, and the process occurs when an atomic nucleus is unstable due to having too many protons or neutrons.
- Beta minus decay (β-) involves a neutron decaying into a proton, an antineutrino, and an electron, resulting in an increase in atomic number by one.
- Beta plus decay (β+) involves a proton decaying into a neutron, a neutrino (ν), and a positron, resulting in a decrease in atomic number by one.
- Electron capture is a process where an orbiting electron combines with a nuclear proton to form a neutron and a neutrino, resulting in a decrease in atomic number by one.
- Radiopharmaceuticals are medicinal products containing radionuclides, produced in nuclear reactors or cyclotrons, and are used for diagnostic, therapeutic, or palliative purposes.
- The most important radionuclides used in nuclear medicine are 99mtechnetium and 18fluoride.
- Radiopharmaceuticals are administered parenterally, orally, or by inhalation, and when used for diagnostic purposes, minute quantities are used to accumulate in target tissues and emit gamma-radiation.
- The curie (Ci) is the basic unit of radioactivity, defined as that quantity of a radioisotope in which 3.7 x 10^10 atoms disintegrate per second.
- The becquerel (Bq) is the International System (SI) unit for radioactivity, defined as 1 disintegration per second.
- Units of radioactivity include the kilobecquerel (kBq), megabecquerel (MBq), and gigabecquerel (GBq), which are multiples of the becquerel unit.
- One rad represents the amount of radiation that releases energy of 100 ergs per gram of matter.
- Radioisotopes are produced by bombarding the atoms of stable, naturally occurring elements with fast-moving neutrons, and most radioisotopes are not naturally occurring.
- Radioisotopes tend to revert to their natural, stable elements at a rate specific to each isotope, measured by half-life, the time it takes for half of the radioisotope population to convert.
- In a hospital setting, radiopharmaceuticals are typically handled by the nuclear pharmacy or radiopharmacy, and are prepared, tested, and released under the responsibility of a (radio) pharmacist.
- Radiopharmaceuticals are regulated both as medicinal products and as radioactive substances.
Learn about radiopharmacy, the discipline that deals with the preparation and quality control of radiopharmaceuticals, which are medicinal products containing radionuclides. Understand the production of radionuclides and their importance in nuclear medicine.
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