Pharmacology Chapter 7: Radiopharmaceuticals

Radiopharmaceuticals

• 99mTc-Macroaggregated Albumin (MAA)
  • Energies: 140 KeV
  • Half-life: 6 hours
  • Storage parameters: kits should be stored at 2-8°C before labeling with 99mTc, preparations are good for 6-8 h at 2-8°C after formulation
  • Color: cloudy
  • pH: 5
  • Common uses: lung perfusion imaging, venography to detect deep vein thrombi in lower extremities
  • Needs to be heated
• 99mTc-Phosphonate
  • Energies: 140 KeV
  • Half-life: 6 hours
  • Storage parameters: 15-30°C both before and after labeling (MDP: 6 hrs and HDP: 8 hrs)
  • Color: clear
  • pH: 7.5
  • Common uses: bone imaging (MDP and HDP)
  • No heating required
• 99mTc-Sulfur Colloid
  • Energies: 140 KeV
  • Half-life: 6 hours
  • Storage parameters: stored at room temperature and dispensed within 6-12 h after labeling
  • Color: cloudy
  • pH: 6-7 with a suitable buffer
  • Common uses: liver and spleen imaging, bone marrow, GI bleed, and making 99mTc-labeled egg sandwich for gastric emptying studies
  • Needs to be heated
• Filtered 99mTc-Sulfur Colloid
  • Energies: 140 KeV
  • Half-life: 6 hours
  • Storage parameters: stored at room temperature
  • Color: cloudy
  • pH: 6-7
  • Common uses: Lymphoscintigraphy
  • Needs to be heated
• 99mTc-Albumin Colloid (Nanocolloid)
  • Energies: 140 KeV
  • Half-life: 6 hours
  • Storage parameters: 2-8°C before reconstitution and at room temperature after reconstitution, useful for 6 h after formulation
  • Color: cloudy
  • pH: 6-7
  • Common uses: bone marrow imaging, inflammation scintigraphy, and lymphoscintigraphy (smaller size)
  • No heating required
• 99mTc-Tilmanocept (Lymphoseek)
  • Energies: 140 KeV
  • Half-life: 6 hours
  • Storage parameters: room temperature, and should be used within 8 h after elution from the generator
  • Color: cloudy near clear
  • pH: 7.5
  • Common uses: detection of lymph nodes and guiding sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with breast cancer, melanoma, and head and neck cancer
  • No heating required
• 99mTc-Pentetate (DTPA)
  • Energies: 140 KeV
  • Half-life: 6 hours
  • Storage parameters: 15-30°C before and after labeling
  • Color: clear
  • pH: 7.5
  • Common uses: renal flow study, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measurement, and aerosol preparation in lung ventilation studies
  • No heating required
• 99mTc-Labeled Red Blood Cells
  • Energies: 140 KeV
  • Half-life: 6 hours
  • Storage parameters: room temperature
  • Color: red
  • pH: 7.5
  • Common uses: blood pool imaging
  • No heating required
• 99mTc-Iminodiacetic Acid Derivatives (DISIDA (Hepatolite), Mebrofenin (Choletec) )
  • Energies: 140 KeV
  • Half-life: 6 hours
  • Storage parameters: 15-30°C both before and after labeling
  • Color: clear
  • pH: 7.5
  • Common uses: to evaluate hepatic function, biliary duct patency, and mainly in chole scintigraphy
  • No heating required
• 99mTc-Hexamethylpropylene Amine Oxime (Ceretec)
  • Energies: 140 KeV
  • Half-life: 6 hours
  • Storage parameters: 70°C
  • Color: blue
  • pH: High pH (9-9.8), decomposition still occurs to some extent at pH 6
  • Common uses: brain perfusion imaging primarily, labeling of leukocytes, substituting for 111In-oxine
  • No heating required
• 99mTc-Sestamibi (Cardiolite)
  • Energies: 140 KeV
  • Half-life: 6 hours
  • Storage parameters: 15-30°C before and after reconstitution
  • Color: clear
  • pH: 5.5
  • Common uses: myocardial perfusion abnormalities, particularly myocardial ischemia and infarcts
  • Needs to be heated
• 99mTc-Mercaptoacetylglycylglycine (MAG3)
  • Energies: 140 KeV
  • Half-life: 6 hours
  • Storage parameters: 15-30°C both before and after labeling, protect from light (light sensitive) until use
  • Color: clear
  • pH: 5-6
  • Common uses: assessment of renal function, particularly in renal transplants
  • Needs to be heated
• ... (remaining radiopharmaceuticals omitted for brevity)

Note: The remaining radiopharmaceuticals are listed in the original text, but omitted here for brevity.

Radiopharmaceuticals

• 99mTc-Macroaggregated Albumin (MAA)
  • Energies: 140 KeV
  • Half-life: 6 hours
  • Storage parameters: kits should be stored at 2-8°C before labeling with 99mTc, preparations are good for 6-8 h at 2-8°C after formulation
  • Color: cloudy
  • pH: 5
  • Common uses: lung perfusion imaging, venography to detect deep vein thrombi in lower extremities
  • Needs to be heated
• 99mTc-Phosphonate
  • Energies: 140 KeV
  • Half-life: 6 hours
  • Storage parameters: 15-30°C both before and after labeling (MDP: 6 hrs and HDP: 8 hrs)
  • Color: clear
  • pH: 7.5
  • Common uses: bone imaging (MDP and HDP)
  • No heating required
• 99mTc-Sulfur Colloid
  • Energies: 140 KeV
  • Half-life: 6 hours
  • Storage parameters: stored at room temperature and dispensed within 6-12 h after labeling
  • Color: cloudy
  • pH: 6-7 with a suitable buffer
  • Common uses: liver and spleen imaging, bone marrow, GI bleed, and making 99mTc-labeled egg sandwich for gastric emptying studies
  • Needs to be heated
• Filtered 99mTc-Sulfur Colloid
  • Energies: 140 KeV
  • Half-life: 6 hours
  • Storage parameters: stored at room temperature
  • Color: cloudy
  • pH: 6-7
  • Common uses: Lymphoscintigraphy
  • Needs to be heated
• 99mTc-Albumin Colloid (Nanocolloid)
  • Energies: 140 KeV
  • Half-life: 6 hours
  • Storage parameters: 2-8°C before reconstitution and at room temperature after reconstitution, useful for 6 h after formulation
  • Color: cloudy
  • pH: 6-7
  • Common uses: bone marrow imaging, inflammation scintigraphy, and lymphoscintigraphy (smaller size)
  • No heating required
• 99mTc-Tilmanocept (Lymphoseek)
  • Energies: 140 KeV
  • Half-life: 6 hours
  • Storage parameters: room temperature, and should be used within 8 h after elution from the generator
  • Color: cloudy near clear
  • pH: 7.5
  • Common uses: detection of lymph nodes and guiding sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with breast cancer, melanoma, and head and neck cancer
  • No heating required
• 99mTc-Pentetate (DTPA)
  • Energies: 140 KeV
  • Half-life: 6 hours
  • Storage parameters: 15-30°C before and after labeling
  • Color: clear
  • pH: 7.5
  • Common uses: renal flow study, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measurement, and aerosol preparation in lung ventilation studies
  • No heating required
• 99mTc-Labeled Red Blood Cells
  • Energies: 140 KeV
  • Half-life: 6 hours
  • Storage parameters: room temperature
  • Color: red
  • pH: 7.5
  • Common uses: blood pool imaging
  • No heating required
• 99mTc-Iminodiacetic Acid Derivatives (DISIDA (Hepatolite), Mebrofenin (Choletec) )
  • Energies: 140 KeV
  • Half-life: 6 hours
  • Storage parameters: 15-30°C both before and after labeling
  • Color: clear
  • pH: 7.5
  • Common uses: to evaluate hepatic function, biliary duct patency, and mainly in chole scintigraphy
  • No heating required
• 99mTc-Hexamethylpropylene Amine Oxime (Ceretec)
  • Energies: 140 KeV
  • Half-life: 6 hours
  • Storage parameters: 70°C
  • Color: blue
  • pH: High pH (9-9.8), decomposition still occurs to some extent at pH 6
  • Common uses: brain perfusion imaging primarily, labeling of leukocytes, substituting for 111In-oxine
  • No heating required
• 99mTc-Sestamibi (Cardiolite)
  • Energies: 140 KeV
  • Half-life: 6 hours
  • Storage parameters: 15-30°C before and after reconstitution
  • Color: clear
  • pH: 5.5
  • Common uses: myocardial perfusion abnormalities, particularly myocardial ischemia and infarcts
  • Needs to be heated
• 99mTc-Mercaptoacetylglycylglycine (MAG3)
  • Energies: 140 KeV
  • Half-life: 6 hours
  • Storage parameters: 15-30°C both before and after labeling, protect from light (light sensitive) until use
  • Color: clear
  • pH: 5-6
  • Common uses: assessment of renal function, particularly in renal transplants
  • Needs to be heated
• ... (remaining radiopharmaceuticals omitted for brevity)

Note: The remaining radiopharmaceuticals are listed in the original text, but omitted here for brevity.