33 Questions
What is the function of the interosseous membrane?
Connects the tibia and fibula together
Which of the following bones is the only weight-bearing bone of the crural region?
Tibia
What does the tibial tuberosity mark the attachment site for?
Patellar ligament
Which bone articulates with the tibia and fibula?
Talus
What provides lateral stability on the lateral side of the ankle?
Lateral malleolus
Which structure distributes the force placed on the tendon of the quadriceps femoris?
Interosseous membrane
What is the largest and strongest heel bone called?
Calcaneus
Which bone in the lower limb is the longest, heaviest, and strongest in the body?
Femur
What is the name of the joint between the metatarsals and the phalanges in the foot?
Metatarsophalangeal joint
Which arch of the foot is responsible for extending from the heel to the great toe?
Medial longitudinal arch
What structure in the femur articulates with the os coxae at the acetabulum?
Fovea capitis
What happens to the arches of the foot when body weight is applied?
The arches flex
Which part of the femur is a landmark and a site of intramuscular injection in the thigh?
Greater trochanter
Which bones articulate with metatarsals IV and V in the foot?
Cuboid bones
What connects the lesser and greater trochanters in the femur?
Intertrochanteric crest
Which muscle attaches to the gluteal tuberosity in the femur?
Gluteus maximus
What is the function of the tarsal bones in the foot?
Help the ankle bear body weight
What separates the medial and lateral condyles in the femur?
Intercondylar fossa
Which muscles mainly originate from the pelvic girdle and thigh (femur) to move the knee joint?
Quadriceps Femoris group
Which part of the patella forms the patellofemoral joint and protects the knee joint?
Articular facets
What is the common action of the muscles in the Anterior compartment of the leg?
Extend the great toe & dorsiflex the foot
Which muscle in the Lateral compartment of the leg everts the foot and is weaker in flexing plantar?
Peroneus longus
What is the function of Gastrocnemius muscle in the Posterior compartment?
Flexes the leg at the knee and plantar flexes the foot at the ankle
Which muscle in the Posterior Flexor Muscles group has an insertion point on the shaft of tibia?
Semitendinosus
Where does Biceps femoris muscle from the Posterior Flexor Muscles group originate from?
Ischial tuberosity
Which muscle in the Anterior compartment of the leg is responsible for dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot?
Tibialis anterior
What action do both muscles in the Lateral compartment perform on the foot?
Eversion
Which artery supplies the hip joint and thigh muscles?
Popliteal artery
Which artery supplies the posterior compartment of the leg?
Posterior tibial artery
Which artery is the main arterial supply for the lower limb?
External iliac artery
Which vein is located in the anterior compartment of the leg?
Anterior tibial vein
Which vein does not drain blood from the lower limb?
Inferior vena cava
Which artery supplies the knee joint and muscles?
Popliteal artery
Study Notes
Tibia and Fibula
- The tibia is a strong and weight-bearing bone, while the fibula is slender.
- The two bones are connected by the interosseous membrane composed of dense regular connective tissue.
- The tibia has a tibial tuberosity that marks the attachment site for the patellar ligament.
- The medial malleolus is a palpable bump on the medial side of the ankle.
- The distal tibiofibular joint is formed by the fibula articulating at the fibular notch.
- The lateral malleolus provides lateral stability on the lateral side of the ankle.
Foot-Tarsals, Metatarsals, and Phalanges
- The foot consists of 26 bones.
- There are 7 tarsal bones, including the talus, calcaneus, navicular, cuboid, and 3 cuneiform bones.
- The talus articulates with the tibia and fibula.
- The calcaneus is the largest and strongest heel bone.
- There are 5 metatarsal bones, each consisting of a base, shaft, and head.
- There are 14 phalanges, with the big toe being the hallux.
Arches of the Foot
- There are two arches that support the weight of the body: the medial longitudinal arch and the lateral longitudinal arch.
- The arches provide spring and leverage to the foot when walking.
- The arches flex when body weight is applied.
- Flatfoot occurs when the arches decrease or "fall".
- Clawfoot occurs when there is too much arch due to various pathologies.
Muscles of the Thigh and Leg
- The quadriceps femoris group consists of muscles that extend the knee joint.
- The hamstring group consists of muscles that flex the knee joint.
- The anterior compartment of the leg consists of muscles that dorsiflex the foot and extend the toes.
- The lateral compartment of the leg consists of muscles that evert the foot.
- The posterior compartment of the leg consists of muscles that plantar flex the foot.
Blood Flow to the Lower Limb
- The main arterial supply to the lower limb is the external iliac artery.
- The femoral artery supplies the hip joint and thigh muscles.
- The popliteal artery supplies the knee joint and muscles.
- The anterior tibial artery supplies the anterior compartment of the leg.
- The posterior tibial artery supplies the posterior compartment of the leg.
- The plantar arch and digital arteries supply the foot.
Test your knowledge on the skeleton of the lower limb, including the pelvic girdle, thigh bones like femur and patella, and the foot. Learn about the structure and functions of these bones.
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