16 Questions
Which of the following is considered the most critical and radiosensitive target molecule in the body?
DNA
What effect does irradiation of macromolecules have when performed in vivo?
Macromolecules show increased radiosensitivity
What happens during MainChain Scission?
Breakage of the backbone of the long-chain macromolecule
Which component is NOT considered an organic molecule found in the body?
DNA
What is the main difference between irradiation of macromolecules in vitro and in vivo?
In vivo irradiation demonstrates increased radiosensitivity
How does radiation interaction at the atomic level impact cells?
Affects the normal growth and metabolism of cells
There are 5 principal types of molecules found in the body: Water, protein, lipids, carbohydrates, and ____?
DNA
____ is the most critical and radiosensitive target molecule.
DNA
When macromolecules are irradiated in solution in vitro, three major effects occur: Main Chain Scission, ____ , and the reduction of a long, single molecule into many smaller molecules.
resulting in
Radiation interaction at the atomic level results in molecular change, which can produce a cell that is deficient in terms of normal growth and ____ .
metabolism
When macromolecules are irradiated in vivo, within the living cell, they are considerably more ____ in their natural state.
radiosensitive
Some macromolecules have small, spur-like side structures that extend off the main chain. Other spurs as a consequence of ______.
irradiation
Point lesions are not detectable, but they can cause a minor medication of the molecule, which in turn can cause it to malfunction within the ______.
cell
DNA is the most important molecule in the human body because it contains the genetic information for each cell. Each cell has a nucleus that contains DNA complexed with other molecules in the form of ______.
chromosomes
Water is the most abundant component of protoplasm. Protoplasm contains 80–85% water. Water makes up approximately 80–85% of a person’s total body weight, and for several reasons is essential to ______.
life
When an atom of the water (H2O) is irradiated, it is ionized and dissociates into two ion pairs. The final result of the radiolysis of water is the formation of ion pair, H+ and OH-, and the two free radicals (H* and ______).
OH*
Test your knowledge on the ionization effects of radiation on atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, and the whole body. Understand the molecular consequences of radiation interaction at the atomic level and its impact on normal growth and metabolism.
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