Questions and Answers
Which bone classification are the metacarpals?
Which bone classification are the carpal bones?
Which bones articulate with the heads of the metacarpal bones?
Proximal phalanges
What group of bones articulates with the bases of metacarpal bones?
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What part of a metacarpal bone forms part of each metacarpophalangeal joint?
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What type of upper limb joint forms in part by the bases of the metacarpals?
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How are the metacarpals identified?
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What is the most distal portion of each metacarpal?
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How many proximal, middle, and distal phalanges are found in one hand?
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What kinds of movements do the interphalangeal joints allow?
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With what structure of the distal humerus does the radial head articulate?
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With what structure of the distal humerus does the trochlea notch articulate?
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List the three articulations that form the complete elbow joint.
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With respect to the capitulum, where is the trochlea located?
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What two bony processes are located on the proximal end of the ulna?
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On which bone is the trochlea notch located?
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What joint does the radial notch of the ulna and the head of the radius form?
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On which hand surface should the hand be rested when performing the lateral projection image of the fourth or fifth digit?
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How many degrees from the PA position should a finger be rotated for PA oblique projection?
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What two groups of joints of the hand and digits should be demonstrated open on the image of the PA projection of the hand?
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What projection of the hand should demonstrate superimposed phalanges?
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For the lateral projection of the wrist, how should the elbow be positioned?
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For the lateral projection of the wrist, which surface of the wrist should be in contact with the IR?
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To delineate a fracture line better with a PA projection of the wrist in ulnar deviation, how many degrees and in which direction may the central ray be directed?
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For the AP projection of the forearm, how should the elbow be positioned?
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For the lateral projection of the forearm, how should the elbow be positioned?
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Which AP oblique projection positioning movement requires the hand to be pronated?
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What specific anatomy is best demonstrated on the axiolateral projection (Coyle method) of the elbow when the central ray is directed 45 degrees toward the shoulder?
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Study Notes
Bone Classifications
- Metacarpals are classified as long bones.
- Carpal bones are classified as short bones.
Phalangeal Structures
- Proximal phalanges articulate with the heads of the metacarpal bones.
- Each hand contains 5 proximal, 4 middle, and 5 distal phalanges.
Joint Articulations
- Carpal bones articulate with the bases of metacarpal bones, forming the carpometacarpal joint.
- The metacarpophalangeal joint is formed by the head of each metacarpal.
- The elbow joint includes three articulations: humeroulnar, humeroradial, and proximal radioulnar.
Elbow Anatomy
- The capitulum of the distal humerus articulates with the radial head.
- The trochlea of the distal humerus articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna.
- The ulna features the olecranon and coronoid processes at its proximal end.
Joint Movements
- Interphalangeal joints allow for flexion and extension movements.
- For a PA oblique projection, a finger should be rotated 45 degrees from the PA position.
Projections and Positioning
- The hand must rest on the medial surface during lateral projection of the fourth or fifth digit.
- For the lateral wrist projection, the elbow should be flexed 90 degrees and the wrist's medial surface should be in contact with the IR.
- During the AP projection of the forearm, the elbow should be fully extended.
- For the lateral forearm projection, the elbow must be flexed 90 degrees.
Central Ray Angles
- A central ray directed 10 to 15 degrees medially or laterally may help delineate a fracture line on a PA projection of the wrist in ulnar deviation.
Special Projection
- The Coyle method for the axiolateral elbow projection best demonstrates the radial head and capitulum when the central ray is directed 45 degrees toward the shoulder.
Identification of Metacarpals
- Metacarpals are numbered 1 through 5, from thumb side to the little finger side.
Superimposition in Imaging
- A lateral projection of the hand should demonstrate superimposed phalanges for accurate imaging.
Hand and Wrist Considerations
- MCP joints and interphalangeal joints should appear open on PA projections for assessments.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Test your knowledge of bone classifications in this Rad 102 Chapter 4 quiz. Explore terms related to long and short bones, as well as specific bones associated with metacarpals and carpals. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of anatomy.
