Questions and Answers
The patella is an example of which bone classification?
All of the following statements about a long bone are true EXCEPT?
The ischium is located anterior and inferiorly to the ilium and forms approximately two-fifths of the acetabulum.
False
The costal tubercle of a rib articulates with which structure?
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The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, and the thoracic cage.
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Which structure is the fibrous layer of the articular capsule of the synovial joint?
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Which structure is the layer of the articular capsule that represents the highly vascular synovial layer?
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Which region of the long bone is comprised of a network of trabeculae?
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Tarsal bones are found in the foot, and include all of the following EXCEPT?
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Which cell is responsible for secreting the matrix of bone?
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A sesamoid bone is a specialized short bone that develops within a tendon, as a result of pressure, such as the patella.
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What is the only bone that develops via intramembranous ossification inferiorly to the skull?
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In the bone matrix, what do osteoblasts become?
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The axial skeleton consists of exactly 70 bones.
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Which structure contains a small amount of synovial fluid?
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A long bone may be characterized by two diaphyses and one epiphysis.
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What is the second largest (longest) long bone in the body?
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Which structure is an articulating surface that is comprised of articular cartilage and is a remnant of the hyaline cartilage model?
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The humerus is a short bone of the brachium that connects to the antebrachium (ulna and radius).
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The costal cartilage at the ends of the ribs are formed by what type of cartilage?
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Which of these bones is/are not part of the axial skeleton?
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Examples of flat bones include ribs, sternum, the cranium, and the scapula.
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What are the ribs that have no costal cartilage attachments known as?
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The bones of the hand (metacarpals) and fingers (phalanges) would be classified as long bones.
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What is the type of cartilage that forms the long bones of the embryonic skeleton?
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Bones in the wrist and ankle belong to which bone classification?
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Which type of bone cell secretes hydrochloric acid?
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Bones formed via intramembranous ossification form directly from embryonic membranous connective tissue layers and not within a cartilaginous model.
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Which structure is a ligament that connects bone to bone and is external to the joint capsule?
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Blood vessels to the diaphysis pass through which bony structure?
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Study Notes
Bone Classification
- The patella is categorized as a sesamoid bone, which is a specialized short bone developing within a tendon.
- Long bones are defined not strictly by size; they are not required to exceed 10cm in length.
- Tarsal bones are found in the foot; the pisiform bone, however, is not among them.
- The clavicle is the only bone that forms via intramembranous ossification inferior to the skull.
- Short bones include those found in the wrist and ankle.
Bone Structure and Features
- The axial skeleton comprises the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage.
- The costal tubercle of a rib articulates with the transverse process of a thoracic vertebra, allowing rib mobility.
- The epiphysis of a long bone is made up of trabecular bone, contributing to its structural integrity.
- The hyaline cartilage model gives rise to the condyle, an articulating surface covered in articular cartilage.
- The synovial cavity contains a small volume of synovial fluid, essential for joint lubrication.
Bone Cells and Matrix
- Osteoblasts are responsible for secreting bone matrix and will transform into osteocytes once embedded within it.
- Osteoclasts play a role in bone resorption, secreting hydrochloric acid to dissolve bone tissue.
Skeleton and Cartilage Types
- Flat bones include the ribs, sternum, cranium, and scapula, showcasing a protective function.
- The type of cartilage forming long bones in the developing embryonic skeleton is hyaline cartilage.
- Costal cartilages at the ends of ribs are formed by hyaline cartilage, aiding in flexibility and movement.
Special Bone Types and Joint Structures
- Floating ribs are ribs without costal cartilage attachments, allowing for limited mobility.
- The collateral ligament connects bone to bone externally to the joint capsule, providing stability.
Miscellaneous Facts
- The axial skeleton is often referenced as consisting of approximately 80 bones, differing from the previously stated number.
- Long bones are characterized by a single diaphysis and two epiphyses, contrary to the idea of having two diaphyses.
- The tibia is recognized as the second longest bone in the human body, following the femur.
- The nutrient foramen is the bony structure through which blood vessels enter the diaphysis, supplying nutrition to the bone.
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Description
Test your knowledge on bone classification and structure with these flashcards. Each card presents important terms and concepts, such as the classification of bones and characteristics of long bones. Perfect for students focused on anatomy and physiology.
