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Questions and Answers
In which of the following organisms did the process of photosynthesis most likely originate?
In which of the following organisms did the process of photosynthesis most likely originate?
- Fungi
- Prokaryotes (correct)
- Unicellular aquatic eukaryotes
- Land Plants
In a plant, which of the following reactions produce molecular oxygen (O2)?
In a plant, which of the following reactions produce molecular oxygen (O2)?
- The light reactions and the Calvin cycle
- Neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle
- The Calvin cycle alone
- The light reactions alone (correct)
Which of the following occurs during the Calvin cycle?
Which of the following occurs during the Calvin cycle?
- Generation of CO2
- Release of oxygen
- Carbon Fixation (correct)
- Reduction of NADP+
What are the products of linear electron flow in the light reactions of photosynthesis?
What are the products of linear electron flow in the light reactions of photosynthesis?
Which letter to the right shows the enzyme's activation energy?
Which letter to the right shows the enzyme's activation energy?
A greenhouse becomes excessively hot from too much sunlight. One solution is to shade the plants with colored translucent plastic sheets, the color of which allows passage of only that wavelength of light. Which of the following colors would reduce the overall light without reducing plant growth?
A greenhouse becomes excessively hot from too much sunlight. One solution is to shade the plants with colored translucent plastic sheets, the color of which allows passage of only that wavelength of light. Which of the following colors would reduce the overall light without reducing plant growth?
Which of the following statements about the process of glycolysis is correct?
Which of the following statements about the process of glycolysis is correct?
Which of the following best describes the role of NAD+ in cellular respiration?
Which of the following best describes the role of NAD+ in cellular respiration?
What is the primary purpose of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?
What is the primary purpose of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?
Which of the following molecules is produced during both the light reactions of photosynthesis and glycolysis?
Which of the following molecules is produced during both the light reactions of photosynthesis and glycolysis?
Which of the following statements about fermentation is true?
Which of the following statements about fermentation is true?
In photosynthesis, the role of water in the light-dependent reactions is to:
In photosynthesis, the role of water in the light-dependent reactions is to:
What is the primary purpose of converting pyruvate to lactate in muscle cells or to ethanol under anaerobic conditions?
What is the primary purpose of converting pyruvate to lactate in muscle cells or to ethanol under anaerobic conditions?
Which enzyme is responsible for the fixation of carbon dioxide in the Calvin cycle?
Which enzyme is responsible for the fixation of carbon dioxide in the Calvin cycle?
Why do C4 and CAM plants have adaptations to minimize photorespiration?
Why do C4 and CAM plants have adaptations to minimize photorespiration?
During the light-dependent reactions, what happens to the electrons lost by Photosystem II?
During the light-dependent reactions, what happens to the electrons lost by Photosystem II?
Which of the following would have the most immediate negative effect on the rate of the Calvin cycle?
Which of the following would have the most immediate negative effect on the rate of the Calvin cycle?
During Aerobic respiration, the majority of ATP is produced in which of the following stages?
During Aerobic respiration, the majority of ATP is produced in which of the following stages?
The immediate energy source that drives ATP synthesis by ATP synthase during oxidative phosphorylation is the:
The immediate energy source that drives ATP synthesis by ATP synthase during oxidative phosphorylation is the:
Most CO2 from catabolism is released during:
Most CO2 from catabolism is released during:
Which process is most directly driven by light energy?
Which process is most directly driven by light energy?
In chloroplasts, the photosynthetic electron transport chain acidifies which of the following cellular compartments?
In chloroplasts, the photosynthetic electron transport chain acidifies which of the following cellular compartments?
Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between the wavelength of light and the quality of energy per photon?
Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between the wavelength of light and the quality of energy per photon?
Which of the following statements best explains why photosynthesis using C4 or CAM systems may be described as a metabolic compromise?
Which of the following statements best explains why photosynthesis using C4 or CAM systems may be described as a metabolic compromise?
A flask containing photosynthetic green algae and a control flask containing only water are exposed to a cycle of 12 hours of darkness. Which of the following statements best describes how the relative dissolved oxygen concentration in the flask with algae will compare to the control flask?
A flask containing photosynthetic green algae and a control flask containing only water are exposed to a cycle of 12 hours of darkness. Which of the following statements best describes how the relative dissolved oxygen concentration in the flask with algae will compare to the control flask?
If an enzyme in solution is saturated with substrate, the most effective way to obtain a faster yield of products is to:
If an enzyme in solution is saturated with substrate, the most effective way to obtain a faster yield of products is to:
When electrons flow along the electron transport chains of mitochondria, which of the following changes occurs?
When electrons flow along the electron transport chains of mitochondria, which of the following changes occurs?
In the process of chemiosmosis in both photosynthesis and cellular respiration, what is directly responsible for ATP synthesis?
In the process of chemiosmosis in both photosynthesis and cellular respiration, what is directly responsible for ATP synthesis?
Which of the following processes takes place in the mitochondrial matrix?
Which of the following processes takes place in the mitochondrial matrix?
In order for a living cell to release energy, it needs to:
In order for a living cell to release energy, it needs to:
Flashcards
Origin of Photosynthesis
Origin of Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis originated in these single-celled organisms.
O2 Production in Plants
O2 Production in Plants
These reactions split H2O, releasing O2 as a byproduct.
Carbon Fixation
Carbon Fixation
The initial incorporation of CO2 into organic molecules.
Products of Linear Electron Flow
Products of Linear Electron Flow
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Activation Energy
Activation Energy
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Best Shading Color for Plants
Best Shading Color for Plants
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Net ATP from Glycolysis
Net ATP from Glycolysis
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Role of NAD+ in Respiration
Role of NAD+ in Respiration
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Purpose of ETC in Respiration
Purpose of ETC in Respiration
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Molecule Produced in Light Reactions and Glycolysis
Molecule Produced in Light Reactions and Glycolysis
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What is Fermentation?
What is Fermentation?
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Role of Water in Photosynthesis
Role of Water in Photosynthesis
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Purpose of Pyruvate Conversion
Purpose of Pyruvate Conversion
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Carbon Fixation Enzyme
Carbon Fixation Enzyme
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Why C4 and CAM adaptations?
Why C4 and CAM adaptations?
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Fate of Electrons Lost by PSII
Fate of Electrons Lost by PSII
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Immediate Negative Effect on Calvin Cycle
Immediate Negative Effect on Calvin Cycle
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Where Most ATP is Produced
Where Most ATP is Produced
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Energy driving ATP synthase
Energy driving ATP synthase
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CO2 Release
CO2 Release
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Process most driven by light energy?
Process most driven by light energy?
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Which Space Acidifies?
Which Space Acidifies?
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Wavelength and Energy Relationship
Wavelength and Energy Relationship
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Compromise of C4/CAM
Compromise of C4/CAM
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Algae Effect on Oxygen
Algae Effect on Oxygen
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Increase Rxn with Saturated Enzyme
Increase Rxn with Saturated Enzyme
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ETC Changes
ETC Changes
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Chemiosmosis Action
Chemiosmosis Action
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Where Citric Acid Occurs
Where Citric Acid Occurs
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Cellular Energy Release
Cellular Energy Release
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Study Notes
- Photosynthesis likely originated in prokaryotes.
- Light reactions produce molecular oxygen (O2).
- Carbon fixation occurs during the Calvin cycle.
- ATP and NADPH are products of linear electron flow in the light reactions of photosynthesis.
- The question asks about the enzyme's activation energy, and the answer corresponds to a specific letter choice.
Optimizing Greenhouse Light
- Yellow translucent plastic sheets in a greenhouse reduce overall light without reducing plant growth.
Glycolysis
- Glycolysis results in a net production of 2 ATP molecules.
NAD+ Role
- NAD+ acts as an electron carrier, transporting electrons to the electron transport chain in cellular respiration.
Electron Transport Chain
- The primary purpose of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration is to create a protein gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Common Products
- ATP is produced during both the light reactions of photosynthesis and glycolysis.
Fermentation
- Fermentation occurs when oxygen is unavailable and regenerates NAD+ to allow glycolysis to continue.
Photosynthesis Role of Water
- In photosynthesis, water serves as an electron donor that replaces electrons lost by chlorophyll in light-dependent reactions.
Anaerobic conditions
- Under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate is converted to lactate or ethanol to regenerate NAD+, allowing glycolysis to continue.
Carbon Fixation
- RuBisCO is responsible for carbon dioxide fixation in the Calvin cycle.
C4 and CAM Plants
- C4 and CAM plants minimize photorespiration but expend more ATP in the process of carbon fixation.
Light-Dependent Reactions
- During the light-dependent reactions, electrons lost by Photosystem II reduce NADP+ to NADPH after passing through an electron transport chain.
Calvin Cycle
- A decrease in ATP availability would have the most immediate negative effect on the rate of the Calvin cycle.
Aerobic Respiration
- Oxidative phosphorylation produces the majority of ATP during aerobic respiration.
ATP Synthase
- The concentration gradient across the membrane holding ATP synthase drives ATP synthesis by ATP synthase during oxidative phosphorylation.
CO2 Release
- Most CO2 from catabolism is released during the citric acid cycle.
Light Energy Conversion
- The creation of a pH gradient by pumping protons across the thylakoid membrane is most directly driven by light energy.
Chloroplasts
- The photosynthetic electron transport chain acidifies the thylakoid space in chloroplasts.
Light Wavelengths
- The wavelength of light and the quality of energy per photon are inversely related.
Photosynthesis Compromise
- Photosynthesis using C4 or CAM systems minimize photorespiration but also expend more ATP in the process of carbon fixation.
Photosynthetic Algae
- A flask with photosynthetic green algae will have a lower dissolved oxygen concentration than a control flask in the light, but a higher concentration in the dark.
Enzymes
- If an enzyme in solution is saturated with substrate, adding more enzyme is the most effective way to obtain a faster yield of products.
Mitochondria
- When electrons flow along the electron transport chains of mitochondria, NADH is oxidized, and O2 is reduced.
Chemiosmosis
- The movement of protons across a membrane through a proton channel is directly responsible for ATP synthesis in chemiosmosis in both photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
Mitochondrial Matrix
- The citric acid cycle takes place in the mitochondrial matrix.
Cellular Respiration
- A living cell needs to perform cellular respiration to release energy.
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