Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Questions PDF

In which of the following organisms did the process of photosynthesis most likely originate? A) Land Plants B) Prokaryotes C) Fungi D) Unicellular aquatic eukaryotes Answer: B) Prokaryotes In a plant, which of the following reactions produce molecular oxygen (O2)? A) The Calvin cycle alone...

In which of the following organisms did the process of photosynthesis most likely originate? A) Land Plants B) Prokaryotes C) Fungi D) Unicellular aquatic eukaryotes Answer: B) Prokaryotes In a plant, which of the following reactions produce molecular oxygen (O2)? A) The Calvin cycle alone B) The light reactions and the Calvin cycle C) The light reactions alone D) Neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle Answer: C) The light reactions alone Which of the following occurs during the Calvin cycle? A) Carbon Fixation B) Release of oxygen C) Generation of CO2 D) Reduction of NADP+ Answer: A) Carbon Fixation What are the products of linear electron flow in the light reactions of photosynthesis? A) Heat and fluorescence B) ATP and P700 C) ADP and NADP+ D) ATP and NADPH Answer: D) ATP and NADPH Which letter to the right shows the enzyme's activation energy? A) a B) b C) e D) d Answer: B) b A greenhouse becomes excessively hot from too much sunlight. One solution is to shade the plants with colored translucent plastic sheets, the color of which allows passage of only that wavelength of light. Which of the following colors would reduce the overall light without reducing plant growth? A) Orange B) Blue C) Yellow D) Green Answer: C) Yellow Which of the following statements about the process of glycolysis is correct? A) Glycolysis requires oxygen to produce ATP. B) Glycolysis occurs in the mitochondria of the cell. C) Glycolysis results in a net production of 2 ATP molecules. D) Glycolysis produces 36 ATP molecules for each molecule of glucose. Answer: C) Glycolysis results in a net production of 2 ATP molecules. Which of the following best describes the role of NAD+ in cellular respiration? A) It is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain. B) It helps in the synthesis of ATP during glycolysis. C) It acts as an electron carrier, transporting electrons to the electron transport chain. D) It directly produces ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation. Answer: C) It acts as an electron carrier, transporting electrons to the electron transport chain. What is the primary purpose of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration? A) To generate carbon dioxide and water. B) To create a protein gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. C) To produce ATP directly through substrate-level phosphorylation. D) To reduce oxygen in water. Answer: B) To create a protein gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Which of the following molecules is produced during both the light reactions of photosynthesis and glycolysis? A) NADH B) NADPH C) ATP D) O2 Answer: C) ATP Which of the following statements about fermentation is true? A) Fermentation occurs in the mitochondria and requires oxygen. B) Fermentation produces much more ATP than aerobic respiration. C) Fermentation occurs when oxygen is unavailable and regenerates NAD+ to allow glycolysis to continue. D) Fermentation results in the complete oxidation of glucose to carbon dioxide and water. Answer: C) Fermentation occurs when oxygen is unavailable and regenerates NAD+ to allow glycolysis to continue. In photosynthesis, the role of water in the light-dependent reactions is to: A) Serve as an electron donor that replaces electrons lost by chlorophyll. B) Provide carbon atoms for the synthesis of glucose. C) Generate ATP through phosphorylation. D) Transport NADPH to the Calvin cycle. Answer: A) Serve as an electron donor that replaces electrons lost by chlorophyll. What is the primary purpose of converting pyruvate to lactate in muscle cells or to ethanol under anaerobic conditions? A) To generate additional FADH+ B) To produce more NADH for glycolysis C) To regenerate NAD+, allowing glycolysis to continue D) To prevent the buildup of excess oxygen in cells Answer: C) To regenerate NAD+, allowing glycolysis to continue. Which enzyme is responsible for the fixation of carbon dioxide in the Calvin cycle? A) ATP synthase B) RuBisCO C) PEP carboxylase D) NADP+ reductase Answer: B) RuBisCO Why do C4 and CAM plants have adaptations to minimize photorespiration? A) They live in environments with excessive oxygen and low carbon dioxide B) They do not have RuBisCO, so an alternate carbon fixation method is needed C) They store oxygen at night to use for respiration during the day D) They do not perform the Calvin cycle and solely rely on the light-dependent reactions Answer: D) They do not perform the Calvin cycle and solely rely on the light-dependent reactions. During the light-dependent reactions, what happens to the electrons lost by Photosystem II? A) The electrons are used to fix carbon in the Calvin cycle B) The electrons are transferred to RuBisCO to increase carbon fixation efficiency C) The electrons reduce NADP+ to NADPH after passing through an electron transport chain D) The electrons return to chlorophyll through cyclic electron flow Answer: C) The electrons reduce NADP+ to NADPH after passing through an electron transport chain. Which of the following would have the most immediate negative effect on the rate of the Calvin cycle? A) An increase in NADPH concentration B) A decrease in oxygen concentration levels inside the leaf C) An increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide D) A decrease in ATP availability Answer: D) A decrease in ATP availability During Aerobic respiration, the majority of ATP is produced in which of the following stages? A) Glycolysis B) Pyruvate oxidation C) Krebs cycle D) Oxidative phosphorylation Answer: D) Oxidative phosphorylation The immediate energy source that drives ATP synthesis by ATP synthase during oxidative phosphorylation is the: A) Oxidation of glucose and other organic compounds. B) Flow of electrons down the electron transport chain. C) Concentration gradient across the membrane holding ATP synthase. D) Transfer of phosphate to ADP. Answer: C) Concentration gradient across the membrane holding ATP synthase. Most CO2 from catabolism is released during: A) Glycolysis. B) The citric acid cycle. C) Lactate fermentation. D) Electron transport. Answer: B) The citric acid cycle. Which process is most directly driven by light energy? A) Creation of a pH gradient by pumping protons across the thylakoid membrane B) Reduction of NADP+ molecules C) Transfer of energy from pigment molecule to pigment molecule D) ATP synthesis Answer: A) Creation of a pH gradient by pumping protons across the thylakoid membrane In chloroplasts, the photosynthetic electron transport chain acidifies which of the following cellular compartments? A) Mitochondrial Matrix B) Stroma C) Thylakoid space D) Reduction of NADP+ Answer: C) Thylakoid space Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between the wavelength of light and the quality of energy per photon? A) They have a direct, linear relationship B) They are inversely related C) They are logarithmically related D) They are separate phenomena Answer: B) They are inversely related Which of the following statements best explains why photosynthesis using C4 or CAM systems may be described as a metabolic compromise? A) Both pathways increase the rate of photosynthesis but also increase the rate of water loss B) The CAM pathway allows more CO2 into the plant but also increases the rate of water loss C) The C4 pathway decreases water loss but also increases the rate of photorespiration D) Both pathways minimize photorespiration but also expend more ATP in the process of carbon fixation Answer: D) Both pathways minimize photorespiration but also expend more ATP in the process of carbon fixation A flask containing photosynthetic green algae and a control flask containing only water are exposed to a cycle of 12 hours of darkness. Which of the following statements best describes how the relative dissolved oxygen concentration in the flask with algae will compare to the control flask? A) It will always be higher in the control. B) It will always be lower in the control. C) It will be lower in the control in the light, but the same in the dark. D) It will be lower in the control in the light, but higher in the control in the dark. Answer: D) It will be lower in the control in the light, but higher in the control in the dark. If an enzyme in solution is saturated with substrate, the most effective way to obtain a faster yield of products is to: A) Add more of the enzyme. B) Heat the solution to 90 degrees Celsius. C) Add more substrate. D) Add a noncompetitive inhibitor. Answer: A) Add more of the enzyme. When electrons flow along the electron transport chains of mitochondria, which of the following changes occurs? A) NADH is oxidized and O2 is reduced. B) ATP is produced. C) Protons are pumped into the mitochondrial matrix. D) Water is produced. Answer: A) NADH is oxidized and O2 is reduced. In the process of chemiosmosis in both photosynthesis and cellular respiration, what is directly responsible for ATP synthesis? A) Movement of protons across a membrane through a proton channel B) Movement of electrons through the electron transport chain C) The generation of a proton gradient across a membrane D) Phosphorylation of ADP Answer: A) Movement of protons across a membrane through a proton channel Which of the following processes takes place in the mitochondrial matrix? A) Glycolysis B) Electron transport C) Calvin cycle D) Citric acid cycle Answer: D) Citric acid cycle In order for a living cell to release energy, it needs to: A) Take in glucose and convert it to ATP. B) Generate oxygen. C) Take in oxygen and use it in the electron transport chain. D) Perform cellular respiration. Answer: D) Perform cellular respiration.