Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does Dr. Deming's definition of quality focus on?
What does Dr. Deming's definition of quality focus on?
Which of the following factors is NOT used to determine the quality level of a product?
Which of the following factors is NOT used to determine the quality level of a product?
What is meant by 'design quality' in the context of product quality?
What is meant by 'design quality' in the context of product quality?
What aspect of quality involves comparing a product's preference to similar products from different firms?
What aspect of quality involves comparing a product's preference to similar products from different firms?
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In defining quality, what is a characteristic that must be considered?
In defining quality, what is a characteristic that must be considered?
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What does the formula Q = P/E represent in the context of quality?
What does the formula Q = P/E represent in the context of quality?
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Which dimension of quality refers to the sensory characteristics of a product?
Which dimension of quality refers to the sensory characteristics of a product?
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Why is the concept of 'shelf life' important when determining food product quality?
Why is the concept of 'shelf life' important when determining food product quality?
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What is the primary goal of Total Quality Management (TQM)?
What is the primary goal of Total Quality Management (TQM)?
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Which definition best describes quality according to TS-EN-ISO 9000:2008?
Which definition best describes quality according to TS-EN-ISO 9000:2008?
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If Q is greater than or equal to 1, what can be inferred about customer expectations?
If Q is greater than or equal to 1, what can be inferred about customer expectations?
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What does the term 'fitness for use' imply in the context of quality?
What does the term 'fitness for use' imply in the context of quality?
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What does the dimension 'Service' primarily focus on?
What does the dimension 'Service' primarily focus on?
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Which management style is associated with TQM?
Which management style is associated with TQM?
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Which aspect of quality is indicated by reliability?
Which aspect of quality is indicated by reliability?
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What does the continuous development process in TQM often referred to?
What does the continuous development process in TQM often referred to?
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What does the PDCA cycle stand for?
What does the PDCA cycle stand for?
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What is the primary aim in determining the optimum design quality for a product?
What is the primary aim in determining the optimum design quality for a product?
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How does TQM differ from classical management approaches?
How does TQM differ from classical management approaches?
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Which dimension of quality involves the primary characteristics of a product?
Which dimension of quality involves the primary characteristics of a product?
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Which of the following is a key aspect of TQM training?
Which of the following is a key aspect of TQM training?
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What does 'Durability' in quality dimensions reflect?
What does 'Durability' in quality dimensions reflect?
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What is KAIZEN primarily associated with in the context of TQM?
What is KAIZEN primarily associated with in the context of TQM?
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Which aspect of TQM contributes to the improvement of working conditions?
Which aspect of TQM contributes to the improvement of working conditions?
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What does the PDCA cycle emphasize in the management of processes?
What does the PDCA cycle emphasize in the management of processes?
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Which of the following best describes the main objective of the ISO 9004:2018 standard?
Which of the following best describes the main objective of the ISO 9004:2018 standard?
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What is the main goal of implementing the ISO 22000 standard?
What is the main goal of implementing the ISO 22000 standard?
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Prerequisite Programs (PRPs) are designed to ensure what aspect of the Food Safety Management System?
Prerequisite Programs (PRPs) are designed to ensure what aspect of the Food Safety Management System?
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In the context of quality management, what do the interactions of process systems refer to?
In the context of quality management, what do the interactions of process systems refer to?
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How does ISO 22000 contribute to quality assurance in production?
How does ISO 22000 contribute to quality assurance in production?
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What is a critical consideration in managing food safety according to ISO 22000?
What is a critical consideration in managing food safety according to ISO 22000?
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What type of thinking does the risk-based PDCA cycle incorporate?
What type of thinking does the risk-based PDCA cycle incorporate?
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What is the primary aim of the ISO 9001 standard?
What is the primary aim of the ISO 9001 standard?
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Which quality principle emphasizes understanding customer needs?
Which quality principle emphasizes understanding customer needs?
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What does the 'Engagement of People' principle highlight?
What does the 'Engagement of People' principle highlight?
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How does the process approach in ISO 9001 benefit an organization?
How does the process approach in ISO 9001 benefit an organization?
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What is the role of the PDCA cycle in ISO 9001?
What is the role of the PDCA cycle in ISO 9001?
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Why is improvement important according to ISO 9001?
Why is improvement important according to ISO 9001?
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What does 'Evidence-Based Decision Making' refer to in ISO 9001?
What does 'Evidence-Based Decision Making' refer to in ISO 9001?
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What is the impact of Relationship Management in ISO 9001?
What is the impact of Relationship Management in ISO 9001?
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What does quality of conformance measure in production?
What does quality of conformance measure in production?
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How does an increase in quality control effectiveness affect consumer complaints?
How does an increase in quality control effectiveness affect consumer complaints?
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What was the primary limitation of the statistical quality control stage?
What was the primary limitation of the statistical quality control stage?
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In what way did Total Quality Management (TQM) expand upon Total Quality Control?
In what way did Total Quality Management (TQM) expand upon Total Quality Control?
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Which of the following is a consequence of increasing the intensity of measurement and evaluation activities?
Which of the following is a consequence of increasing the intensity of measurement and evaluation activities?
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What is the starting point of control in the Total Quality Control system?
What is the starting point of control in the Total Quality Control system?
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What does an increase in the percentage of parts complying with quality specifications lead to?
What does an increase in the percentage of parts complying with quality specifications lead to?
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What aspect of quality does Total Quality Management (TQM) emphasize?
What aspect of quality does Total Quality Management (TQM) emphasize?
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Study Notes
Quality-Related Concepts and Quality Systems
- Quality is defined in various ways
- Webster's Dictionary: Degree of excellence
- Turkish Language Association Dictionary: Qualification
- Dr. Juran: Fitness for use
- Dr. Deming: Meeting customer current and future needs
- Development engineer: Superior design
- Manufacturing engineer: Fitness for a particular design
- Quality is the degree of suitability for a purpose
- Purpose is determined by customer needs and payment possibilities
Factors Used to Determine the Quality Level of a Product
- Market quality: Degree a product meets needs of a specific consumer group
- Design quality: Degree a product meets potential needs of all consumers
- Conformity quality: Degree product quality at manufacture conforms to design
- Consumer preference: Degree a product is preferred over equivalent products
Factors Used to Determine Quality Level of a Product (Continued)
- Sensory properties: appearance, texture, flavor of food products
- Quality characteristics of food products
- Safe use periods (shelf-life) of food products
- Design and manufacturing costs
- Production methods and possibilities
- Service requirements and costs
Definition of Quality
- Quality is the sum of characteristics of a product or service
- A product or service is the result of an activity or process
- Needs usually have characteristics within specified criteria (specifications)
- Needs include usability, safety, availability, reliability, maintainability, economy and environmental aspects
- Quality is generally viewed as a perfect product/service that meets or exceeds expectations
- Expectations are based on intended use and price
Quality Formula
- Q = P/E
- Q = Quality
- P = Performance
- E = Expectations
- If Q ≥ 1, customer expectations are met and quality is good.
Dimensions of Quality
- Performance: Primary product characteristics
- Features: Secondary characteristics
- Conformance: Meeting specifications/industry standards
- Reliability: Consistency of performance over time (shelf-life)
- Durability: Useful life, including repair
- Service: Customer service resolution of problems/complaints
- Response: Human interaction with interface (e.g., courtesy of dealer)
- Aesthetics: Sensory characteristics
- Reputation: Past performance
Design Quality
- Design quality is developed alongside product characteristics/performance
- Determining the best design quality involves finding the optimum point between consumer value and manufacturer cost
Quality of Conformance
- Quality of conformance shows the degree of compliance with specifications during production
- Measured as the percentage of defective goods
- Quality control effectiveness increases, defective parts decrease, costs decrease
Historical Development of the Understanding of Quality
- Stages show evolution from operator to foreman to inspection and then statistical quality control and total quality management
- Timeline: 1900,1918,1937,1960,1980 (dates of quality control stage development)
Why Was Total Quality Control Necessary?
- In earlier stages only final products were controlled, no solutions to change quality
- Quality issues were hard to resolve and products often didn't meet market demands
- The total quality control system started at the raw material level to customer satisfaction
Total Quality Management System (TQM)
- After 1980, TQM replaced total quality control, better representing approach
- Company-wide system, everyone from general manager to employees responsible for quality of activities
- TQM is participatory, involving employees in management, problem-solving, and suggesting improvements.
- TQM is a group effort; education of employees is critical.
Total Quality Management System (Continued)
- Focuses on consumer needs and meeting and exceeding expectations
- TQM is consumer-oriented, needing to provide service in line with consumer needs
- Aims to improve efficiency while reducing costs
- TQM is a philosophy requiring a cultural change
Total Quality Management System (Continued)
- The TQM system values people as the most important element of the organization
- TQM results from the desires/wishes of employees in their jobs
- People are the main element that brings benefits to the organizations
- Improvement requires environmental-education services and proper management.
Total Quality Management System (Continued)
- Within TQM, Quality is everyone's responsibility despite the interaction of many talents being vital.
- Management needs statistical thinking and process control tools
ISO 9000 Quality Assurance Standards
- The standard series dates include 1987, 1991, 1994, 2000, 2009, and 2011
- ISO 9000 standards not designed for product quality but rather for quality management systems
- Standards are applicable across various sectors: defense, aviation, medical devices, automotive, and nuclear facilities.
- ISO9000 standards were the tools used as a model applied at an international level.
- They were used as models for quality system certifications and were used as a condition of the contract.
Benefits of Using ISO 9000 Standards
- Effective management systems
- Defined responsibilities and authorities
- Extensive monitoring and control activities
- Optimized company structure and process integrity
- Increased efficiency of processes
- Improved utilization of time, materials, people, and systems
- Enhanced communication
- Documented systems (with educational tools)
- Enhanced relationships with consumers and suppliers
- The ISO 9000 series of standards include four basic standards. These are the fundamentals and vocabulary, the requirements, the quality of the organization's guidance, and the guidelines for auditing management systems.
TS-EN-ISO 9001:2015 Quality Management Systems-Requirements
- ISO 9001 is an international certification standard for quality management systems
- Contains conditions that an organization must meet to gain certification
- Aims to evaluate quality systems of organizations
- Aims to optimize the quality of the product/service and is applicable across various types, sizes and product categories.
TS-EN-ISO 9001:2015 Quality Management Principles
- Customer focus - understand and meet customer needs
- Leadership - organize, direct & determine the unity of direction/purpose
- Engagement of people - value employees' contributions
- Relationship management
- Evidence-based decision making
- Process approach
- Improvement
PDCA Cycle
- Encourages the process approach in the establishment, implementation, and improvement of quality management
- Includes definition of processes, management, and interaction of the process system together with the interactions
- Achieved by using a risk-based thinking PDCA cycle
ISO 22000:2018 Food Safety Management System
- Implementation of a preventive system for organizations
- Developed to prevent consumers from foodborne illnesses (keeping all processes in the food chain under control)
- Covers infrastructure, personnel, and equipment
- Includes considerations such as production control, product control, equipment control, maintenance and general hygiene, personnel and visitor hygiene, and other relevant issues
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Description
Test your knowledge on the various definitions and concepts of quality as outlined by various experts in the field. This quiz also covers the factors that determine the quality level of products, including market and design quality. Understand the significance of consumer preferences and sensory properties in assessing quality.
