Quality Planning Tools: Cause and Effect Diagrams

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What do control charts help determine in a process?

If the process is profitable

If the process is only declining

If the process is steady and under control (correct)

If the process is only improving

What is the main purpose of a control chart?

To predict the future values of a process

To monitor the performance of a process over time (correct)

To compare different processes

To ignore variations in a process

What are the lines above and below the mean in a control chart?

Upper and Lower Prediction Lines

Upper and Lower Control Limits

Upper and Lower Trend Lines

Upper and Lower Warning and Action Lines (correct)

What is plotted in a control chart?

Measured values of samples taken from a process in sequence Signup and view all the answers

What do the points in a control chart show?

Each point is given individual significance and is joined to its neighbors Signup and view all the answers

What is a control chart an example of?

A basic tool of TQM Signup and view all the answers

What was the original purpose of the cause and effect diagram?

To identify the underlying symptoms of a problem and find the root cause Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the person who first used the cause and effect diagram in the 1940s?

Ishikawa Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 'four M's' and 'four P's' in the cause and effect diagram?

To designate major factors in the process involved Signup and view all the answers

What is the combination of techniques used in the cause and effect diagram?

Brainstorming and graphical analysis Signup and view all the answers

Why is the cause and effect diagram called a fishbone diagram?

After its appearance Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of using the cause and effect diagram?

Identification of the underlying symptoms of a problem and finding the root cause Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a histogram in data analysis?

To measure the frequency distribution of data Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum number of data points required to ensure a sufficient number of data points have been gathered for a histogram?

50-75 Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a check sheet in quality control?

To determine the causes of defects in a process Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a histogram that shows a pattern within typical process conditions?

It shows a stable pattern Signup and view all the answers

What should be done when too many checks are made in the 'other' category of a check sheet?

Create a new set of categories Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of control charts in quality control?

To measure how a process changes over time Signup and view all the answers

What do control limits indicate if a sample measurement falls outside of them?

The process is no longer stable and corrective action is required. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a scatter diagram?

To identify if there is a relationship between two variables. Signup and view all the answers

What can cause a sample measurement to fall outside of the control limits?

A special cause that changes the process. Signup and view all the answers

How are control limits established?

By statistical methods depending on the type of measurement. Signup and view all the answers

What is plotted on a scatter diagram?

The relationship between two variables. Signup and view all the answers

What does a scatter diagram indicate if it shows a strong correlation?

There is a strong relationship between the two variables. Signup and view all the answers

What does a scatter diagram represent?

A graphical representation of how one variable changes with respect to another Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of a flow chart?

To visualize a process and identify inefficiencies Signup and view all the answers

What can a scatter diagram be used for?

To make predictions of values outside the measured range Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a scatter diagram and a flow chart?

A scatter diagram is used for correlation analysis, while a flow chart is used for process analysis Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a scatter diagram usage?

Determining the relationship between volunteer satisfaction and orientation training Signup and view all the answers

What can be identified using a flow chart?

Inefficiencies and potential improvements in a process Signup and view all the answers