Qualitative Research Designs Overview
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Questions and Answers

The research title in this project is grounded ______.

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Qualitative research involves descriptive analysis using ______.

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Mixed-method research combines both qualitative and ______ methods.

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Phenomenological research focuses on shared lived ______.

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Narrative study involves individual stories and personal ______.

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Action research is primarily conducted to address ______ in a specific context.

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A case study involves in-depth analysis of a particular ______ or individual.

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The example used for mixed-method research includes OFW Diaries: Adaptation Strategies of ______ Entrepreneurs.

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Covert observation hides the researcher’s presence from ______; however, it is not used due to data privacy concerns.

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Interviews can be categorized into structured, unstructured, and ______ interviews.

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Structured interviews consist of predetermined closed ______ with little variation.

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Unstructured interviews allow discussions to flow in varying ______ for each participant.

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One-on-one interviews provide highly personalized ______ from participants.

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When designing surveys, providing clear reminders and ______ is crucial for participants.

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In interviews, it's recommended to limit the number of questions to ______ for effective responses.

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The practice of cultural respect is important in ______ methods of data collection.

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Students face specific challenges during their transition to higher education/workforce regarding ______.

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The optimum group size for focus group discussions is generally between ______ participants.

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Research suggests over-recruiting to avoid risking ______ from participants.

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Qualitative research can benefit from analyzing existing ______ and survey responses.

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In research writing, it is important to consider the ______ and accuracy of data.

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Dapit Hapon focuses on reminding ______ citizens’ stories.

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Focus groups aim to identify common themes and ______ within the narratives.

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Ways to gather data may include a journal or ______ from participants.

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The study titled 'Life After Graduation' focuses on the stories of Senior High School Students’ aspirations, challenges, and decision-making in their transition to _____ or Workforce.

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Inside the Game examines the social dynamics and identity formation of young adults in competitive _____ communities.

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The investigation on Amazon focuses on its strategic growth through the lens of ________ owners and online consumers.

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The analysis comparing self-esteem levels examines individuals from different ________ statuses.

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The support experiences outlined address the future support needs of individuals with _____ Syndrome in middle adulthood.

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The observation study emphasizes the importance of transparency and ethical considerations, as well as the influence of _____ effect.

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The two types of observation categorized in the research include overt observation and _____ observation.

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In the context of community dynamics, exploring _____ norms can help understand how interactions shape behavior.

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Research's judgment may influence the selection of ______ participants.

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Convenience sampling selects participants based on accessibility and ______ to participate.

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Ethical approvals are obtained from a board known as ______ (IRB).

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One-on-one interviews and ______ discussions are qualitative research methods.

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Informed consent, privacy, and ______ are important ethical considerations in research.

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The ______ sampling method involves identifying a few initial participants who meet eligibility criteria and asking them to refer others.

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In the context of research, ______ bias occurs when participants are selected based on their known connections.

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Consent is required from participants who are ______ years or older.

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The ______ sampling method is used to select individuals based on their potential to contribute to emerging themes in research.

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Participants aged ______ years require assent but must have consent provided by their guardians.

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One strength of snowball sampling is the ability to gain deep insights into a specific group’s ______, behaviors, and perspectives.

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A pre-screening process is essential to ensure potential participants meet the ______ for inclusion in the study.

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A weakness of snowball sampling includes difficulty in managing ______ size and potential social desirability bias.

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Flashcards

Qualitative Research Design

Qualitative research uses descriptive analysis of words to understand a topic.

Grounded Theory

A research approach that generates a new theory from collected data.

Quantitative Research

Research that uses numbers and inferential statistics to analyze data.

Mixed-methods Research

Research that combines qualitative and quantitative data to understand different aspects of a topic.

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Phenomenological Study

A deep study of shared experiences of a group or individual over time.

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Case Study

In-depth analysis of a specific group, individual, or situation.

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Narrative Study

Analysis of individual stories or personal perspectives of an event.

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Action Research

Research undertaken to make or resolve a problem or situation.

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Life After Graduation

Senior high school students' stories about career goals, challenges, and choices when transitioning to college or work.

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Online Gaming Communities

Social dynamics and identity formation of young adults in competitive online gaming.

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E-commerce Growth of Amazon

Impact of Amazon on small business owners and online consumers in the US.

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Asperger Syndrome in Middle Adulthood

Support experiences and future support needs of individuals with Asperger Syndrome in middle age.

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Socioeconomic Status Comparisons

Analysis comparing self-esteem levels in people from high and low socioeconomic backgrounds.

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Observation Types

Different ways to observe behaviour, including overt and covert observation

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Social Connections

Experiences that shaped a person's social views

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Community Dynamics

Study of social norms and reactions within a group.

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Covert Observation

Research method where the researcher's presence is hidden from participants.

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One-on-one Interviews

In-depth conversations with participants.

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Structured Interview

Interviews with predetermined, closed-ended questions.

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Unstructured Interview

Interviews where the questions and discussion flow freely.

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Semi-structured Interview

Interviews that blend structured and unstructured approaches.

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Interview Categories

Structured, unstructured, and semi-structured interviews are types of in-depth discussions for research.

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Open-ended Surveys

Surveys using questions that allow for participants to express themselves freely.

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Research Instrument

A tool used to collect data in research.

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Focus Group Size

Optimal focus group size is generally 6-8 participants, with a maximum of 14.

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Over-Recruiting

Recruiting more participants than necessary to mitigate the risk of cancellations.

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Focus Group Discussion

A research method gathering collective views from participants using round-table discussions.

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Qualitative Data Analysis

Identifying common themes and patterns within participant narratives from interviews and transcripts.

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Post-Interview Method

A research approach used in writing to consider methods occurring after the interview.

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Participant Journal Data

Utilizing diaries and journals kept by participants to gather and analyze data.

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Interview/Transcript Analysis

Analyzing existing interview transcripts or survey data; a data analysis method.

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Data Quality and Relevance

Selecting participants most relevant to the research for high-quality and accurate data collection.

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Text Analysis

A qualitative method that analyzes written materials like documents, transcripts, or social media posts to understand themes and patterns of communication.

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Convenience Sampling

A non-probability sampling technique selecting participants easily accessible and ready to participate, regardless of their suitability for the study.

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Snowball Sampling

A method where researchers identify initial participants who meet criteria and ask them to refer others who fit the requirements.

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Selection bias

Bias introduced when participants are chosen based on their connections or researcher's knowledge of their beliefs.

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Theoretical Sampling

Selecting participants based on their potential to contribute to emerging themes and concepts in the data.

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Inclusion Criteria

Qualities that participants must possess to be included in a study.

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Exclusion Criteria

Characteristics that disqualify participants from being included in a study.

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Pre-screening

Initial assessment to check if potential participants meet the study's inclusion criteria.

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Purposive Sampling

Selecting participants based on their specific characteristics and expertise relevant to the research question.

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Social Desirability Bias

Participants provide answers that are perceived as socially acceptable rather than their true beliefs.

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Study Notes

Qualitative Research Designs

  • Research Titles: Examples include comprehensive and coherent studies on specific variables, which can be qualitative, quantitative, or mixed-method.
  • Quantitative Research: Involves inferential statistics.
  • Qualitative Research: Employs descriptive analysis using words.
  • Mixed-Method Research: Combines qualitative and quantitative approaches.
  • Phenomenological Studies: Explore shared lived experiences through long-term observation. Examples include understanding loss among widowers or the experiences of veterans transitioning to civilian life.
  • Narrative Studies: Focus on individual stories, personal perspectives, and narratives, such as life stories of cancer survivors or journeys of LGBTQIA+ individuals.
  • Historical Studies: Examine past events impacting the present. Examples include the impact of World War II on Philippine education, public health policies related to pandemics, or Sino-Philippine relations.
  • Ethnographic Studies: Analyze cultures and communities in their natural settings. Examples include street vendors in Quiapo, Manila, or traditional healing practices in indigenous communities.
  • Case Studies: Deeply analyze an individual or group over time, such as inclusive education in rural Philippine schools or crisis management in the airline industry during COVID-19.
  • Action Research: Collaborative problem-solving to create real-life solutions, such as addressing employee burnout in healthcare or improving customer satisfaction through employee training.
  • Descriptive Studies: Observe and describe characteristics or behaviors without influencing subjects, such as parental involvement in early childhood education or understanding consumer behavior in the digital age.

Research Instruments

  • Observations: Record subjects' actions and reactions, ensuring transparency, ethical considerations, and cultural respect. Types include overt (subjects aware) and covert (researcher hidden).
  • Interviews: Highly personalized gathering of information. Categories include:
  • Structured: Predetermined closed-ended questions.
  • Unstructured: Flexible, open-ended discussions.
  • Semi-structured: Combines structured and unstructured methods.
  • Focus Group Discussions: Collect collective views from participants in group settings. Best practices include optimum group sizes (6-8, max 14) and strategies to avoid cancellation.
  • Open-ended Surveys: Gather cost-effective responses through questions that encourage detailed answers.
  • Text Analysis: Analyze insights from participants' texts (e.g. journals, diaries) to identify common themes and patterns.
  • Thematic Analysis: Used to find recurring patterns and themes within collected data in order to understand deeper meanings.

Sampling Techniques

  • Target Population: Defined group of individuals or subjects relevant to the study.
  • Sample Size: Indicates the portion of the target population to be studied. Examples include those 18+, and those 17- with parental consent.
  • Selection Bias: Ensuring participants are chosen for the study based on their characteristics.
  • Convenience Sampling: Selects participants based on accessibility and willingness.
  • Snowball Sampling: Recruiting participants and asking them to nominate others in the same group.
  • Purposive Sampling: Choosing participants with unique characteristics or experiences related to the research.
  • Theoretical Sampling: Selecting participants to contribute to emerging themes.

Thematic Analysis

  • Inductive Approach: Deriving meaning and creating themes from the collected data without having preconceived expectations.
  • Deductive Approach: Using existing codes to analyze data according to established sets of criteria.
  • Strategies: Focus on finding recurring patterns and themes within the data or identifying any underlying meanings.

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Related Documents

Prefinals EFAPP 2024-2025 PDF

Description

Explore various qualitative research designs including phenomenological, narrative, and historical studies. Understand how these methodologies help in analyzing lived experiences and personal narratives. This quiz covers key concepts and examples that shape qualitative inquiry.

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